nervous control

?
  • Created by: naisha.z
  • Created on: 28-07-21 12:40
what is the nervous system?
the nervous system allows you to react to your surroundings as well as co-ordinate your behaviour. it is made up of all the neurones in your body
1 of 29
what is a stimuli?
a change in the environment that you might need to respond to
2 of 29
what is a receptor and its job?
receptors are cells which detect stimuli
3 of 29
what is the CNS's job?
the CNS (central nervous system) is where all the information from sensory receptors is sent + where reflexes and actions are co-ordinated
4 of 29
what is the CNS made up of?
the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord only
5 of 29
what is the spinal cord?
the spinal cord is a long column of neurones that runs from the base of the brain to the spine. it relays information between the brain and the rest of the body
6 of 29
what are effectors?
effectors are muscles or glands which respond to nervous impulses
7 of 29
how do these respond to the impulses?
•muscles contract
•glands secrete hormones
8 of 29
what do sensory neurones do?
carry information as nervous impulses from receptors to the CNS
9 of 29
what do relay neurones do?
carry electrical impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones
*found in the CNS
10 of 29
what do motor neurones do?
carry electrical impulses from the CNS to the effectors
11 of 29
the order of transmission to and from the CNS
stimulus → receptor cells ⇒ (sensory neurones) ⇒CNS(relay neurones)⇒(motor neurones)⇒effectors → response
12 of 29
neurone structure
•all nerve cells have a cell body (with nucleus)
•dendrite + dendrons carry impulses towards cell body
•axons carry nerve impulses away from cell body
13 of 29
motor neurone
, ears, tongue and skin, and carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain. When these nerve impulses reach the brain, they are translated into ‘sensations’, such as vision, hearing, taste and touch. However, not all sensory neurons reach the brain, a
14 of 29
what's myelin sheath?
myelin sheath is a fatty layer which sometimes surrounds the axon. it acts as an electrical insulator, speeding up the electrical impulse
15 of 29
how do neurones transfer nerve signals?
when nerve impulses reach the end of a neurone, neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap and a new impulse is set off in the next neurone
16 of 29
why do the synapses slow down the transmission of a nervous impulse?
because the diffusion of neurotransmitters
across the gap takes time
17 of 29
why do the synapses slow down the transmission of a nervous impulse?
because the diffusion of neurotransmitters
across the gap takes time
18 of 29
what's a reflex?
a reflex is a fast, automatic response to certain stimulus (doesn't involve the conscious part of the brain)
19 of 29
what's a reflex arc?
the passage of information in a reflex
20 of 29
what part do the neurones go through in the reflex arc?
they go through the spinal cord and an unconscious part of the brain
21 of 29
what is reaction time?
the time it takes to respond to a stimulus
22 of 29
ruler experiment (step 1)
the person being tested should hold the ruler with the bottom (zero) being in-between their thumb and finger. their arm should be at the edge of he table to stop them from moving.
23 of 29
ruler experiment (step 2)
let go of ruler without any warning. the person holding the ruler should try to catch the ruler as quickly as they can
24 of 29
ruler experiment (step 3)
reaction time is measured by the number where the ruler is caught. the higher the number, the slower their reaction time.
25 of 29
ruler experiment (step 4)
repeat experiment several times to calculate the mean distance. to see the effect o caffeine on reaction time, the person should do the steps (1-4) 10 mins after they had caffeine.
26 of 29
controlled variable (4)
1. use same person to catch ruler
2. use same hand to catch ruler
3. the ruler should be dropped at the same height
4. make sure the person who will catch the ruler hasn't had any caffeine before the experiment
27 of 29
safety issues
1. drinks should be consumed OUTSIDE of the lab
2. make sure to not drink too much coffee
28 of 29
how else can you test reaction time?
simple computer test - person being tested clicks on the mouse as soon as they see the stimulus
29 of 29

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is a stimuli?

Back

a change in the environment that you might need to respond to

Card 3

Front

what is a receptor and its job?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is the CNS's job?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the CNS made up of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Nervous system, hormones and behaviour resources »