Nervous Communication

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What are receptors?
They detect stimuli. They can be cells, or proteins on cell surface membranes. They are specific to one type of stimulus.
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What are effectors?
These are cells that bring about a response to a stimulus to produce an effect. Effectors include muscle cells and cells found in glands, e.g the pancreas. Receptors communicate with effectors via the nervous/hormonal system
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What are the divisions of the nervous system?
The human nervous system is made up of the CNS(Brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system(subdivided into autonomic- fight and flight and the somatic nervous system)
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What is the function of sensory neurones?
They transmit electrical impulses from receptors to the central nervous system(CNS) - this is the brain and spinal cord.
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What is the function of motor neurones?
They transmit electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors
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What is the function of relay neurones?
They transmit electrical impulses between sensory neurones and motor neurones.
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What happens in nervous communication?
A stimulus is detected by receptor cells and an impulse is sent along a sensory neurone. The CNS processes the information and sends impulses along motor neurones to an effector, which brings about a response.
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What happens in the nervous response?
When an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neurone, neurotransmitters are secreted directly onto cells, so the nervous response is localised. Neurotransmitters are quickly removed when they have done their job so the response is short-lived.
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What is a simple reflex?
A rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus. The pathway of communication goes through the spinal cord but not through conscious parts of the brain, so the response happens automatically.
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Why do we need simple reflexes?
They are protective- they help organisms to avoid damage to the body because the response happens so quickly. It does not require learning.
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Card 2

Front

What are effectors?

Back

These are cells that bring about a response to a stimulus to produce an effect. Effectors include muscle cells and cells found in glands, e.g the pancreas. Receptors communicate with effectors via the nervous/hormonal system

Card 3

Front

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function of sensory neurones?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of motor neurones?

Back

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