A neurotransmitter in both the CNS and PNS notably at the neuromuscular junction
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Action Potential
Self propagating rapid depolarisation of a neuronal membrane, generated by voltage-gated ion channels
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Biological transducers
Structures, notably sensory receptors, that convert physical or chemical stimuli into electrical or chemical signals which can be processed by the organism
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Cholinergic Synapse
A synapse that releases acetylcholine
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Electrochemical Gradient
The gradient across a membrane formed as a result of the movement of an ion or other solute
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Motor Neurone
A nerve cell that carries impulses away from the central nervous system to an effector (muscle or gland). May be non-myelinated or myelinated
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Myelin
A lipid-rich substance that surrounds and insulates the axons of some neurones
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Myelinated Neurone
A neurone with an axon that is encased within a myelin sheath
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Neuromuscular Junction
The site at which an axon terminal contacts a muscle cell
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Neurone
A nerve cell, typically consisting of a cell body, dendrites and an axon
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Neurotransmitter
A chemical messenger released by axon terminals in response to an action potential
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Nodes of Ranvier
The gaps occurring at intervals along the myelin sheath
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Non-myelinated Neurone
A neurone whose axon is supported by cytoplasmic extensions of oligodendrocytes rather than wrapped in a myelin sheath
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Postsynaptic
A neurone on the receiving side of a synapse
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Presynaptic
A neurone with an axon that is encased within a myelin sheath
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Refractory Period
The period during a nerve impulse when the sodium channels are inactivated and the neurone cannot respond
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Resting Potential
The potential difference across the cell membrane of a neurone when there is no impulse passing
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Saltatory Conduction
The propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons by 'jumping' from one node of Ranvier to the next
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Schwann Cells
Glial cells in the PNS which forms the fatty sheath around myelinated nerve fibres.
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Sensory Receptor
A specialised cell that detects stimuli and responds by producing an electrical discharge
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Sensory Neurone
A nerve cell concerned with transmitting impulses from sensory receptors to other neurones
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Stimulus
Any physical or chemical change in the environment capable of provoking a response in an organism
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Synapse
The junction between two neurones or between a neurone and an effector
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Synaptic Integration
The interpretation and coordination of inputs from many neurones by a single neurone resulting in the production of a new signa.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Action Potential
Back
Self propagating rapid depolarisation of a neuronal membrane, generated by voltage-gated ion channels
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