relative contributions of nature (Heredity) and nurture (environment, experience and learning) to behaviour.
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What is an interactionist approach?
The belief that both nature and nurture are essential to any behaviour and interact in a complex manner.
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what is an example of interaction between heredity and environment?
PKU - condition due to a pair of defective genes and can result in brain damage. if child is raised on special diet, development is normal. Although PKU is hereditry it is not possible to seperate nature and nurture.
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Methods of investigating the relative contributions of nature and nurture?
Twin studies and adoption studies
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How have twin studies been used to investigate nature-nurture?
MZ twins share the same genes; DZ twins are no more alike than any other siblings. MZ twins reared together are more alike than DZ twins reared together. increased similarity must be genetic. the degree of agreement is expressed as a concordance rate
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how have adoption studies been used to investigate heritability?
if adopted individuals are found to be more similar to their biological parents than their adopted parents this suggests that genes are more influential than environment.
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outline blackmore and coopers study?
Kittens were placed in drums that had either vertical or horizontal lines on walls. the floor made of glass reflecting stripes. at 5 months kittens were tested for line recognition.
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Results of blackmore and coopers study?
those brought up in vertical world acted as if blind to horizontal world. those brought up in horizontal world acted as if blind to vertical world. cells in visual are of brain only showed electrical response to the orientation experienced by kitten.
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What is the conclusion of blackmore and coopers study?
suggesting environment is important to the development of innate systems.
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What side of the nature-nurture debate does psychodynami approach take?
the focus is on inherited instinctual drives of sex and aggression. Freud also aknowledged the influence of different experiences during the psychosexual stages of development. Nurture though, is always secondary.
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What side of the nature-nurture debate does the behavourist approach take?
behaviour seen as directly shaped and controlled through associative learning and the consequences on behaviour.They emphasise nurture.
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what side of the debate does SLT thake?
stress the role of environment on a person's behaviour. differ from behaviourism by considering the interaction between the individual and their environment.
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What side of the debate does the cognitive approach take?
these are interactionist. their focus is on innate information processing abilities e.g. piaget proposed that innate schemas develop through continuous interaction with the world.
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what side of the debate does humanistic take?
lifes main motive, the need to self actualise is innate. however, humans are influenced by environmental variables e.g. unconditional postive regard.
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what side of the date does the biological approach take?
The focus is on heredity. though interaction with environment is aknowledged. nature interacts with nurture.
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what topic areas to include in a discussion?
Schizophrenia - diathesis stress model suggests and innate susceptibility to the disorder which can be triggered by environmental stress - example of interaction between hereditry and environment.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is an interactionist approach?
Back
The belief that both nature and nurture are essential to any behaviour and interact in a complex manner.
Card 3
Front
what is an example of interaction between heredity and environment?
Back
Card 4
Front
Methods of investigating the relative contributions of nature and nurture?
Back
Card 5
Front
How have twin studies been used to investigate nature-nurture?
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