What are researchers looking into find about how genes work?
How environmental influences such as stress & relationships shape which of our genes are turned on/off & how they influence our bodies & brain.
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How do we get genetic variation?
One member of a chromosome pair migrates to form germ cells which leads to genetic variation.
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What is gene expression?
Genes make proteins that make the body work, some of these proteins turn genes on/off
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Define heritability
Refers to the extent to which variability can be accounted for by genetic factors, 0.0-1.0, the higher the number the greater the heritability.
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What is behaviour genetics?
The study of the degree to which genes & environmental factors influence behaviour
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Define genotype
Total genetic makeup of an individual consisting of inherited genes
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Define phenotype
Observable behaviour characteristics
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What is genetic polymorphism?
A difference in DNA sequence on a gene that has occurred in a population. DNA in genes is transcribed to RNA then translated to amino acids to form proteins.
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What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?
Differences between people in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence of a particular gene
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What are copy number variations (CNPs)?
An abnormal copy of one or more sections of DNA, found in schizophrenia, autism, ADHD
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What is Huntington's disease?
Single gene deficit, degenerative gene which is dominant, degenerative disorder, affects cognitive function, mobility, memory, speaking, death follows, develops in 20s & 30s, 50/50 chance of developing it.
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What is Williams syndrome?
Caused by damage to multiple genes, rare, distinctive features, don't have enough protein elastin, poor spatial skills, low IQ, lost genes on chromosome 7(28) LIM-Kinase 1 gene, not inherited, spontaneous mutation.
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What is foetal alcohol syndrome?
Caused by mother's excessive drinking during pregnancy, low birth rate, development delay, learning difficulties, distinctive facial features.
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What is PKU?
A recessive genetic disorder, lacks enzyme to process phenylalamine amino acid leading to retardation, cure is to avoid foods with the amino acid such as fizzy drinks which contains aspartame.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do we get genetic variation?
Back
One member of a chromosome pair migrates to form germ cells which leads to genetic variation.
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