natural hazards questions

What is a natural hazard?

a naturally occurring event that has the potential to affect peoples lives or property

1 of 24

Describe the Earths structure

centre of the earth- the core- theres an inner core which is solid nickel and iron and outer core is liquid. mantle has all the properties of a solid but flows slowly and very thin crust

2 of 24

What are the places where tectonic plates meet called?

plate boundaries

3 of 24

Describe what happens when an oceanic plate meets a continental plate at a destructive boundary

the denser oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate into the mantle where it is destroyed. where this happens is called a subduction zone and causes an ocean trench and volcanoes

4 of 24

what happens at constructive margins?

two plates move away from each other and magma rises up into the gap created and cools to form new crust

5 of 24

describe the two different ways tectonic plates move at conservative boundaries

either two plates move sideways past eachother in different directions, or 2 plates move in the same direction but at different speeds

6 of 24

What is an earthquake caused by?

earthquakes are caused when the pressure which was building up at a plate boundary is released

7 of 24

what is the name of the point on the earth and below the earth where the earthquake starts

focus- in the earth where the earthquake starts and epicentre- directly above the focus on the earths surface

8 of 24

Name the two types of plate margin that volcanoes are found at

destructive and constructive

9 of 24

describe how a volcano is formed at a destructive boundary

parts of the oceanic plate in the mantle break off and melt to form a pool of magma. this magma rises through cracks in the continental crust and erupts onto the earths surface as lava and cools to form a volcano

10 of 24

what is the difference between the primary and secondary impacts of an earthquake?

primary impacts occur as a direct result of the ground shaking and secondary impacts occur later on

11 of 24

give three examples of primary impacts of an earthquake

people are killed and injured by buildings collapsing on them, roads and bridges can be damaged/destroyed, electricity cables and gas pipes can get broken

12 of 24

give three examples of secondary impacts

people are left homeless or unemployed, fires can easily start by igniting leaking gas, earthquakes can trigger landslides or tsunamis

13 of 24

give 2 reasons why impacts of earthquakes are more severe in LEDC's?

more poor quality housing in leda's such as they aren't earthquake proof and poorer infrastructure such as roads and bridges so they are damaged more easily

14 of 24

Give 2 reasons why people still choose to live where earthquakes happen

they are employed in the area and moving away could mean leaving friends and family

15 of 24

Describe one way buildings can be designed to withstand earthquakes

building buildings on top of special foundations that absorb earthquakes energy

16 of 24

describe how education can reduce the impacts of an earthquake

telling people about what to do during an earthquake such as stand in doorways can reduce deaths as well as telling people how to evacuate. also tell people how to make a survival kit so that if theyre stuck they are more likely to survive

17 of 24

why is prediction not a sustainable strategy for reducing impacts of an earthquake

because you can't accurately predict when an earthquake is going to happen, it is not an effective strategy therefore not sustainable

18 of 24

give 2 reasons why people choose to live close to volcanoes

soil around volcanoes is very fertile so it is good for growing crops and volcanoes are also a major tourist attraction so many people who live near volcanoes work in the tourist industry

19 of 24

give three examples of a primary impact of a volcano

buildings and roads are destroyed by lava and pyroclastic flows and people and animals are killed or injured

20 of 24

give three examples of secondary impacts of a volcano

people are left homeless and lahars can form when mixed with water which causes loads more destruction

21 of 24

how do scientists try to predict volcanic eruptions?

monitor gases escaping, minor earthquakes and bulges

22 of 24

describe 2 planning strategies that reduce the impact of a volcanic eruption

houses can be planned to be built avoiding areas most at risk also emergency services can train and prepare for disasters

23 of 24

give two building techniques that reduce the impacts of a volcanic eruption

buildings can be strengthened e.g. roofs to make them less likely to collapse under falling ash. lava can also be diverted away from buildings using barriers

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natural hazards questions

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