Nadia's Cards

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What is growth?
Growth is an increase in height, weight and head circumference.
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What is development?
Development is about learning new skills and improving them.
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Examples of gross motor skills...
Standing up, walking, running, kicking a ball, jumping and crawling.
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Examples of fine motor skills...
Blinking, pinching, wirting, grasping.
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Infancy is...
(0-2 years)
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Early Childhood is...
(3-8 years)
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Adolescence is...
(9-18 years)
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Early Adulthood is...
(19-45 years)
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Middle Adulthood is...
(46-65 years)
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Later Adulthood is...
(65+ years)
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Aspects of Development-PIES
Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social
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Physical development is when...
you grow e.g. height & weight. Other physical changes may include going through puberty or hitting menopause. Example of a few physical needs are food, warmth and shelter.
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Intellectual development is the...
development of language, memory and thinking skills e.g. a bilingual child,
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Emotional development is when..
you have the ability to feel emotions towards others, having a loving family may make you feel protected and safe. Some people may feel low in self-esteem and have self-hate due to being looked down upon by people e.g. family members.
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Social development is when...
A person has the ability to form friendships and relationships. It is also about improving your well being, in society, so everyone can have the opportunity to reach their full potential.
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How does an individual keep physically fit and healthy?
Sleeping properly, eating healthy, exercising, controlling weight gain/loss, no smoking/illegal drugs, safe sex and socialising
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What are the physical positive effects of pregnancy?
Glowy skin because of higher/faster blood circulation
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What are the physical negative effects of pregnancy?
Diabetes, morning sickness, aching back and pelvic, hips widen, hair loss, swoolen feet, moodswings, drowsiness, stretch marks, bigger breasts, darker *******, shortness of breathe because lungs are pushed up,
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Milestone (1-4 weeks)
An infant will look at faces that are close. By 2 weeks an infant will begin to recognise their parents.
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Milestone (4-12 weeks)
An infant will lift their head using gross motor skills, while lying on their front.
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Milestone (3-5 weeks)
An infant will reach out for objects, as they develop their arm and hand muscles; using their fine motor skills.
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Milestone (5 months)
An infant can hold objects using their fine motor skills, but are unable to let go of them.
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Milestone (6 months)
An infant will learn how to pass things using, 'hand-to-hand' co-ordination.
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Milestone (6-8 months)
An infant will use their gross motor skills to sit without support, as the baby gets stronger.
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Milestone (9-11 months)
An infant learns how to drop things using their fine motor skills. Infants will enjoy letting go of things or handing toys to someone.
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Milestone (10-18 months)
An infant will walk alone using their gross motor skills, they can be unsteady on their feet but can move quickly.
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Milestone (1.5-2 years)
An infant will be able to kick or throw a ball, by developing new gross motor skills.
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What is perimenopause?
begins several years before menopause. It is when the ovaries gradually begin to make less estrogen. During perimenopause your oestrogen levels may fall and rise again (fluctuate). This can change the regularity of your periods without stopping them.
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Effects of perimenopause...
Problems sleeping, weight gain, hot flushes, vaginal dryness, painful sex and frequent urination.
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Middle Adulthood-Physical effects (the body and health/illness) of ageing...
Sitting for long periods of time can cause back pain, weak muscles, loss of elasticity (wrinkles), weight loss and brittle bones
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Middle Adulthood-Cognitive effects (information proccessing, intelligence, reasoning, language development and memory) of ageing...
Old age makes people forget things more easily, dementia (20% likely), slurred language, struggle to process information, Alzheimer or Parkinsons disease.
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Middle Adulthood-Emtional effects of ageing ...
Negative feelings of unworthiness or emptiness, loss of independence.
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Middle Adulthood-Social effects of ageing...
Old people tend to get distant from society (isolated), losing relationships, like to bond more with people to avoid loneliness, frightened of society or feeling as though they are burden upon their families.
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Later Adulthood (65+ years) Physical effects of ageing
Skin becomes thinner, hearing loss may occur, eyesight gets weaker, muscles and bonds tend to weaken with age,
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Primary characteristics are...
involve the organs for reproduction. Males have testicles, females uterus.
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Secondary characteristics are...
features which appear at puberty e.g. pubic hair, facial hair, deep voice and broader chest for men , armpit hair, bigger breasts and widened hips for females.
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What is progesterone?
After menstrual cycle, the levels of progesterone rise to prepare uterus for implantation of embryo.
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What is attachment?
bond between child + care giver.
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What did John Bowlby propose?
infants need to form attachments for safety and emotional stability. Children came into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments to help them survive.
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Insecurely attached child won't...
show any emotions even though they have alert that their significant adult has left.
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Securely attached child will...
cry when significant adult leaves and will have separation anxiety.
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People with poor childhood experience tend to lead to...
having depression later on in life, struggle to form attachments due to neglecting others, cortisol levels dropping leading to cardiovascular disease or criminality.
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Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation...
8 stages. Researchers measure; proximity + contact seeking, contact maintainance, avoidance of proximity + contact and resistant to contact+ comfort.
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Harry Harlow's Rhesus Monkeys and maternal deprivation...
Infant monkeys where isolated from birth for over 3 months to a year. This led to monkeys having bizarre behavior, clutching own bodies + rocking compulsively; even self mutilation (tearing hair out and biting own body).
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S&E Stages of attachment-Asocial attachment (first 6-12 weeks of infancy)
During this stage, an infant shows a preference for people over objects, however, she cannot discriminate between people.
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S&E Stages of attachment-Indiscriminate attachment (after first week up to 7 months)
During this stage, an infant prefers familiar people. At this stage an infant will accept cuddles and comfort from anybody. This stage is said to be indiscriminate because there is no difference from one person to another.
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S&E Stages of attachment-Specific attachment (7-9 months)
By now an infant has formed a secure attachment to their primary caregiver and a monotropic relationship is present. An infant’s primary care giver is not the person they spend the most time with, but the one who offers the most interaction and meets
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S&E Stages of attachment-Multiple Attachment (9+months usually around 1 year)
After an infant’s first attachment with her primary care giver, she starts to develop attachments with other people such as grandparents and siblings:
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What is self image?
The way an individual sees themselves (mental image of themselves).
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What is self esteem?
How a person feels about themselves, self worth and pride.
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What is self concept?
The individual's belief about himself or herself, including attributes (trustworthy, ambitious, kind) they may have.
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What does emotional development involve?
Learning what feelings and emotions are, developing effective ways to manage them, recognising feelings of oneself and others, understanding how & why they happen.
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Why is emotional development closely linked to social development?
Because we learn from other people through the use of observation.
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How do parents/carers support children's emotional development?
By providing examples of how to behave appropriately.
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What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor (0-2), Preoperational (0-7), Concrete Operational (7-11), Formal Operational (12+)
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Sensorimotor stag (0-2)
An infant knows
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is development?

Back

Development is about learning new skills and improving them.

Card 3

Front

Examples of gross motor skills...

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Examples of fine motor skills...

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Infancy is...

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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