My biology revision cards
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- Created by: kian burgess
- Created on: 13-01-18 14:45
What is a reducing sugar?
It is one that can donate electrons to a reducing agent such as Benedicts solution
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What bonds hold the tertiary structure of a protein?
Disulfide bonds/ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds
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What is the structure of collagen?
The primary structure Is an unbranched polypeptide chain. The secondary structure the polypeptide chain is very tightly wound. In the tertiary structure the chain is twisted into a second helix.
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Which 2 substances are formed when 2 amino acid molecules join together?
Dipeptide and water
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Explain how cellulose molecules are adapted to their function in plant cells?
Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls as it prevents the cell from bursting as water enters it by osmosis because cellulose has a rigid structure
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Explain one way in which starch molecules are adapted for their function in plant cells?
Starch is insoluble and therefore it doesn’t tend to draw water into the cells by osmosis
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Describe how a phospholipid molecule is different of that of a triglyceride?
A phospholipid molecule is made up of three fatty acid molecules and a fatty acid molecule whereas a triglyceride molecule is just formed from fatty acid molecules
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What is a prokaryote?
It is any organism usually single celled whose dna is suspended freely in the cytoplasm
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What is binary fission?
Binary fission is a type of cell division in which a parent cell copies it’s genetic material and then divides transforming into 2 daughter cells
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What is the function of the nucleus?
To produce mRNA for protein synthesis. Retain genetic material in the form of dna or chromosomes
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What is cancer?
An uncontrollable cell division and growth of cells
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What is cell differentiation?
When the cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular function
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What happens in G1 in interphase?
Protein synthesis and growth. Preparation for dna replication.
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Explain why an electron microscope shows more detail of cell structure than a light microscope?
An electron microscope shows more detail of cell structure because the electron beam has a very short wavelength and the microscope can therefore resolve objects more detail. Light microscopes have poor resolution
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Name two structures present in eukaryotic cells that are not present in the cells of prokaryotes?
Nucleus/lysosomes/microvilli/mitochondria/Golgi/SER/RER
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Describe 2 events during interphase which prepare a cell for mitosis?
Cell is actively synthesising proteins/dna replicates prior to mitosis
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Mitosis is important in the life of an organism. Give 2 reasons why?
The growth in the number of cells/replaces cells to repair tissues or organs
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What is a null hypothesis?
A hypothesis that says there is no statistical significance between the 2 variables
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What is the magnification triangle
I is on top a and m on the bottom
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Give 1 feature of starch and explain how this feature enables it to act as a storage substance?
Branched chains- this makes it so easy for starch to remove glucose
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Describe the induced fit model of enzyme action?
The induced fit model proposes that rather than being a rigid lock it proposes that the active site isn’t complementary to the substrate. This stresses and distort so bonds
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What is the role of the cell membrane?
It controls the movement of molecules in an direction out of the cell
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Why is cholesterol important in cell membranes?
Cholesterol is important in controlling membrane fluidity
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What does hypertonic mean?
Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid
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How are intestinal epithelial cells adapted?
Lots of mitochondria/microvilli/lots of Na/K pumps
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Oxygen and water move through plasma membranes into cells. Describe 2 ways in which these movements are similar
They both don’t require energy/both movements are down a concentration gradient
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Give 1 similarity in the way which active transport and facilitated diffusion transport substances across the membrane?
A carrier protein is involved in both
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Give 2 ways in which active transport is different from facilitated diffusion?
Active transport is from a high-low concentration. Active transport uses external energy in the form of atp.
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What is epidemiology?
It is the study of the incidence of disease and pattern of a disease with a view of finding the means of preventing or controlling it
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What bonds hold the tertiary structure of a protein?
Back
Disulfide bonds/ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds
Card 3
Front
What is the structure of collagen?
Back
Card 4
Front
Which 2 substances are formed when 2 amino acid molecules join together?
Back
Card 5
Front
Explain how cellulose molecules are adapted to their function in plant cells?
Back
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