Mussolini's economic policy 0.0 / 5 ? HistoryItaly - 19th and 20th centuryA2/A-levelEdexcel Created by: sirius3Created on: 16-08-18 11:49 What happened in 1925 due to Laissez-Faire? (2) The budget was balanced and unemployment was reduced to 250,000 1 of 42 What happened to industrial output 1922-9? It doubled 2 of 42 Which groups (3) were dissatisfied in 1925 and why? (6) Industrialists and agrari wanted higher tariffs on imports. Ras wanted more military expenditure. Inflation harming middle class savings. 3 of 42 Why were only Fascist syndicates allowed? They did not organise strikes 4 of 42 Why did Mussolini sack De' Stefani? To use him as a scapegoat for adverse effects of Laissez-Faire 5 of 42 Battle for Grain: what happened to wheat production? Rose 100% by 1939. 6 of 42 What happened to wheat imports 1925-35? Dropped 75% 7 of 42 How did the agrari benefit from Battle for Grain? Wheat, machinery and fertilisers good for large units 8 of 42 Why was 'self-suffiency' only illusory in Battle for Grain? (2) The whole programme depended on imported fertiliser. Italy had to import olive oil from Spain. 9 of 42 How did Italians suffer as a consequence of Battle for Grain? (2) Higher price for wheat; higher taxes; diets declined due to destruction of olive groves 10 of 42 What was the new value of the lira 1926? 90L;£ 11 of 42 Who benefitted from the (slightly) reduced costs of imports? Industrialists in the steel and chemical sectors 12 of 42 How were the benefits of imports cancelled out? Tariffs 13 of 42 What was the more important factor that curbed inflation? Other deflationary measures, 10-20% cut in wages 1927 14 of 42 What did the increase in expense of exports cause? A recession in Italy before 1929, especially impacting the car industry 15 of 42 What was the paradoxical benefit of the fall in exports? Led to a switch in industries that would benefit rearmament 16 of 42 Why did Mussolini launch the Empty the cities campaign? He thought industrial workers were more likely to oppose him 17 of 42 Why did the Empty the cities campaign fail (3)? (i.e people continued to migrate to towns) The unequal distribution of land (0.5% pop owned 42% land, 1930); pool of labour in countryside caused wages to fall 18 of 42 Battle of Marshes 1928: how many hectares of swampland drained? 80,000 19 of 42 Which places were used as showpiece propaganda? Sabaudia and Pontine Marshes 20 of 42 For how many families did the Marshes Battle provide jobs and housing? 10,000 21 of 42 By what percentage was malaria reduced? 50% 22 of 42 How did the outcomes of the Marshes Battle not live up to the claims? (3) Mussolini only reclaimed 5% of the 500,000 hectares he claimed were saved; South neglected; landlords corrupted spending 23 of 42 Depression: how many unemployed in 1932? 2 million 24 of 42 By what percentage did the govt. cut wages to cope with the Depression? 12% (1930) 25 of 42 What percentage of ship building industry did govt. own 1939? 90% 26 of 42 What percentage of iron industry did govt. own 1939? 77% 27 of 42 What percentage of steel industry did govt. own 1939? 45% 28 of 42 What benefit in the IRI bring? It restored confidence in Italian banks and meant Italy weathered the crisis better than any other European nation 29 of 42 What key event prompted the drive for Autarky 1939? League trade sanctions after Abyssinia 1935 (also to prepare for war) 30 of 42 What was the drive for Autarky's impact on industry? (3) Established new industries funded by govt; made wool from cheese; ship, iron and chemical industries grew. 31 of 42 What did the govt. deficit become following drive? 2 billion to 28 billion lire 32 of 42 What percentage on budget was spent on military preparations? 80% 33 of 42 Did Italy produce enough? No - only 1/5 of what it needed 34 of 42 What was the result of increased dependence on Nazi Germany? Worried investors - withdrew money 35 of 42 What was the 1925 Vidoni Palace pact? Only Fascist syndicates recognised 36 of 42 What was Rocco Law 1926? (3) Strikes and lockouts banned; labour tribunals resolve disputes; workers represented by PNF official 37 of 42 What did the 22 Corporations do 1924? Decide wages (but needed Mus' approval) 38 of 42 What organisation replaced Parliament 1929? Chamber of Fasces and Corporations 39 of 42 How many families were given special relief payments 1934-5? 1.75 million 40 of 42 What were some negative effects of welfare scheme? Employers resented contribution; no extension of unemployment/pensions schemes 41 of 42 How many members of OND 1939? Also what were demographic membership percentages? 3.8 million (80% salaried employees, 40% workers, 25% peasants) 42 of 42
What was the nature and importance of Mussolini's relationship with Italy's political and economic elite? 0.0 / 5
How significant was Mussolini's personal popularity in maintaining his control of Italy in the years 1925-1943? ESSAY PLAN 0.0 / 5
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