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6. What is the effect of changing the heart rate by altering cardiac nerve activity or SA node rhythms?

  • Chronotropism
  • Inotropism
  • Dromotropism

7. What is the function of calmodulin?

  • To prevent Ca2+ from diffusing out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • To bind to Ca2+ ions in smooth muscle, activating cross-bridge formation
  • To bind to Ca2+ ions in smooth muscle, activating Myosin Kinase
  • To bind to Ca2+ ions in cardiac muscle

8. What membrane surrounds each individual muscle fibre?

  • Epimysium
  • Sarcolemma
  • Endomysium
  • Perimysium

9. What is the most basic contractile unit of a muscle?

  • Myofibril
  • Muscle fibre
  • Sarcomere
  • Fasciculus

10. What is the effect of speeding up the rate of conduction in heart tissue?

  • Dromotropism
  • Chronotropism
  • Inotropism

11. Which muscle type relies on Calcium-induced-Calcium release?

  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Striated muscle

12. Which muscle type has the least developed sarcoplasmic reticulum?

  • Striated muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle

13. What are the dark striations that appear on histological slides?

  • A-band
  • I-band
  • Z-discs
  • H-zone

14. What is the I-band?

  • Area of thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments
  • Area of thin actin filaments
  • Area of thick myosin filaments

15. What connects muscle to bone?

  • Tendon
  • Ligament

16. Which muscle cells are multinucleate?

  • Striated and cardiac muscle
  • Striated muscle only
  • Cardiac muscle only
  • Striated, cardiac and smooth muscle

17. What is the function of myosin light chain kinase?

  • To remove the phosphate group from the myosin light filament
  • Phosphorylation of myosin light filament
  • To move calcium ions out of the sarcoplasm

18. What does Troponin I bind to?

  • The actin filament
  • The myosin filament
  • The tropomysin
  • The calcium ions

19. What is the effect of altering the force of muscular contractions?

  • Chronotropism
  • Inotropism
  • Dromotropism

20. What is the function of calsequestrin?

  • To move Calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • To bind myosin heads to actin filaments
  • Prevents Calcium ions from leaving the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • To move Calcium ions out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum