Muscloskeletal System Intro

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  • Created by: LM
  • Created on: 30-10-16 15:43
Lever
A relatively rigid object that may be made to rotate about an axis by the application of force
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Stiffness
The ratio of stress to strain in a loaded material- stress divided by the relative amount of change in the structure's shape
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Compressive strength
Ability to resist the pressing or squeezing force
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Tensile strength
Ability to resist pulling or stretching force
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Trabecular Bone
Less compact mineralized connective tissue with high porosity that is found in the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae
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Cortical bone
Compact mineralized connective tissue with low porosity that is found in the shafts of long bones
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Strain
Amount of deformation divided by the original length of the structure or by the original angular orientation of the structure
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Anisotropic
Exhibiting different mechanical properties in the response in response to loads from different locations
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Axial skeleton
The skull, vertebrae, sternum and ribs
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Appendicular skeleton
Bones comprising the body appendages
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Short bones
Small, cubical skeletal structures including the carpals and tarsals
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Flat bones
Skeletal strutures of irregular shape for example the sacrum
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Long bones
Skeletal structures consisting of a long shaft with bulbous ends, e.g. the femur
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Articular surface
The point at which the ends of bones meet, a joint
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Condyle
A rounded, convex protuberance at the distal end of a bone e.g. femur
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Trochlea
A pulley-like structure such as a groove at the distal end of the humerus
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Tuberosity
A rounded prominence, usually providing attachment for tendons or ligaments
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Trochanter
A boney protrusion for muscle attachment
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Process
A projection from a bone e.g. a spinous process on a vertebral body
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Spine
A prominent plate, or ridge of bone, e.g. the spine of the scapula
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Fossa
A hollow or depression in a bone
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Synarthoses (immovable joints)
Fibrous joints that can absorb shock while permitting little or no movement of the articulating bones
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Sutures (Syn)
Irregularly grooved bone sheets are closely connected by fibres that are continuous with the periosteum e.g. in the skull
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Syndesmoses (Syn)
Joints where dense fibrous tissues bind the bones together, permitting extremely limited movement e.g. coracoacromial, midradioulnar joints
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Amphiarthroses (slightly moveable joints)
Cartilaginous joints that attenuate forces and permit more motion of adjacent bones
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Synchondroses (Amp)
Joint where articulating bones are held together by thin layer of hyaline cartilage
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Examples of synchondroses
Sternocostal joints and epiphyseal plates before ossification
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Symphyses (Amp)
Joint where thin layer of hyaline cartilage separates a disc of fibrocartilage from the bones e.g. vertebral joints and pubis symphysis
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Diathroses (freely moveable joints)
Joints in which the articulating bone surfaces are covered with articular cartilage, an articular capsule, which secretes synovial fluid.
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Gliding (Dia- plane, arthrodial)
Joints where articulating bne surfaces are nearly flat, and the only movement permitted is no-axial gliding.
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Examples of gliding joints
Intermetatarsal, intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and facets of vertebrae
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Hinge (Dia- ginglymus)
One articulating bone surface is convex and the other is concave. Strong collateral ligaments restrict joint movement to a planar hinge-like motion.
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Examples of hinge joints
Ulnohumeral and interphalangeal joints
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Pivot (Dia- Screw, trochoid)
Joints where rotation is permitted around one axis, e.g. proximal and distal radioulnar joints
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Condyloid (Dia- ovoid, ellipsoidal)
Joints where one articulating bone surface is an ovular convex shape, and the other is reciprocally shapes concave surface, allows for flexion/extension, ab/adduction, circumduction.
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Examples of condyloid joints
2nd to 5th metacarpophalangeal joints and radioulnar joints
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Saddle (Dia- sellar)
Joint where articulating bone surfaces are both shaped like the seat of a saddle, with movement the same as a condyloid joint but with greater range of movement.
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Examples of saddle joints
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
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Ball and socket (Dia- spheroidal)
Joints where the articulating surfaces are reciprocally convex and concave, permtting rotation in all three planes of movement e.g. hip and shoulder joints.
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Concentric
Generation of force with shortening of muscle length
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Isometric
Generation of force with no change in length of muscle
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Eccentric
Generation of force with lengthening of the muscle
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The ratio of stress to strain in a loaded material- stress divided by the relative amount of change in the structure's shape

Back

Stiffness

Card 3

Front

Ability to resist the pressing or squeezing force

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Ability to resist pulling or stretching force

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Less compact mineralized connective tissue with high porosity that is found in the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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