Muscles!

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  • Created by: Izzy2807
  • Created on: 22-11-19 15:21
What is a sarcolemma, sacroplasm, sacrosome and sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Sacrolemma: membrane of muscle cells. Sacroplasm: cytoplasm of muscle cells. Sacrosome: Muscle Mitochondria. SR: EndoRet...stores calcium!
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What are myofibrils?
Contractable fibres that lie in the sacroplasm
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What is another name for muscle cells?
Muscle fibres
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What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac...(SSC!)
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What are the features of skeletal muscle tissues?
Striated, multinucleated, single. Voluntary contractions. Involved in movement, heat generation, posture and support of soft tissues.
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What are the features of smooth muscle tissues (BVs)?
Unstriated, uninucleated, single. Involuntary contractions. Involved in movement, sphyincters, control of light (eye) and heat conservation (Vaso)
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What are the features of cardiac muscle tissues?
Striated, uni/binucleated, branched! Involuntary contraction. Help pump blood around the body!
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What is contractility, extensibility and elasticity?
Contract: ability to shorten. Extens: ability to be stretched. Elastic: ability to recoil
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What is the endomysium?
Space between the individual muscle fibres, has capillaries to bring nutrients and contains nerve cells.
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What are skeletal muscles packed full of?
Myofibrils...lots!
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What is a triad (in a skeletal muscle)?
2 sacroplasmic reticulum terminals and one T-Tubule (extensions of sarcolemma)
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What pathway does a voluntary muscle contraction follow?
primary motor cortex-corticospinal tract-upper motor neurons- lower motor neurons-NMJ- EFFECTOR (skeletal muscle)
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What is the functional unit of a muscle cell called?
Sacromere
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What do does the light band (i band) contain?
Just actin filaments
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What does the dark band (A band) contain?
Myosin and actin filaments
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What does the H zone contain?
Just thick (myosin) filaments
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What is the M-Line?
The middle of the sacromere, just thick filaments (part of H-zone)
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What is muscle tone?
The continuous and passive partial contraction of muscles
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What is hypertonic, hypotonic, spasticity and flaccidity?
Hyper: too much muscle tone, stiffness. Hypo: too little muscle tone, floppy. Spast: muscles continuously contracting. Flaccid: muscles do not contract as they should, limp.
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Briefly outline the cross-bridge theory of muscle contraction:
Myosin head hydrolises ATP (ADP + Pi), energy used to form CB with MBS on actin. Myosin head re-orientates, pulls actin towards M-line. ATP attaches to MH, changes its shape so breaks CB.
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What is the role of calcium and tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
Calcium binds to tropomyosin, changes it's structural shape so reveals the actin-binding site for myosin head
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What is special about skeletal muscles?
They have a rich blood supply, they have myoglobin (high affinity for 02). Each muscle cell is associated with 1 nerve cell
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Describe the reflex arc for muscle movement:
Stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron (afferent NP), intergrating centre, interneuron, motor neuron (efferent NP), effector
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Describe what happens at the NMJ when AP arrives:
Calcium channels open, Ca+ diffused into neuron, allows Ach vesicles to bind to synovial membrane, Ach released into synovial cleft...bind to receptors on sarcolemma...opens up calcium channels, DEPOLARISATION, AP across sarcolemma, Ca+ bind to trop.
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What is Myasthenia Gravis?
A condition where the immune system attacks the receptors on the sarcolemma, so Ach is unable to bind to them, meaning muscles do not contract as we would expect them to
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What does pryidostigmine do for patients with MG?
It inhibits acetylcholinesterase so Ach isn't broken down, meaning depolarisation of the sarcomere will continuously occur, CONTRACTION!
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are myofibrils?

Back

Contractable fibres that lie in the sacroplasm

Card 3

Front

What is another name for muscle cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the features of skeletal muscle tissues?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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