Mumbai Contemporary Urban Environments

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What is Mumbai's population?
20.5 million
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What rate is the population growing in Mumbai?
480 people a day
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Where is Mumbai located?
On a peninsular, on the west coast of the Maharashtra state, west India and borders the Arabian Sea
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What are the reasons for Mumbai's growth (Urban Functions)?
Commercial capital of India, global financial hub, main sea port in Arabian sea since opening of Suez Canal, specialisation and formation clusters, home of Bollywood and headquarters of TNC's such as Tata
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How much open space is there for people?
0.03 acres per 1000 people whereas the global norm is 4 and London has 12
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How many commuters are their daily?
7.5 million who cram onto 200 trains which are 3-4 times over their capacity
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Urban sprawl in Mumbai (Consequences of urbanisation)
There is a growth rate of 2.5 in the suburbs and decentralisation as industry is moving out
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Shortage of housing in Mumbai (Consequences of urbanisation)
4.3 million people live in slums, lack of affordable legal housing
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Lack of urban services in Mumbai (Consequences of urbanisation)
People go to the toilet in the street, there are open sewers and 500 people share one public latrine, children play amongst sewage, 4000 cases of diphtheria and typhoid a day
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Unemployment in Mumbai (Consequences of urbanisation)
23% of people are unemployed in the slums, 85% of people who work, work locally, high education
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Transport issues in Mumbai (Consequences of urbanisation)
Increase of 200 cars a day, during monsoon season the tracks are flooded so the rails are closed
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Suburbanisation in Mumbai (Urbanisation)
Initially was northwards along major transport routes now it is eastwards, town's and cities have been swallowed by Mumbai's suburbanisation, movement of public transport came first which caused commuter traffic to change
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Counter-urbanisation in Mumbai (Urbanisation)
Decline in population over a 20 year period in the original heart of the city, Navi Mumbai was planned township in the east, now the largest town in the world 1,111,000 people, 1991-2011 some areas saw growth of 15.7%
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Urban resurgence in Mumbai (Urbanisation)
$2bn development plan which threatens Dharavi's recycling district, Dharavi was built next to Mumbai's financial district making it prime for redevelopment, locals would prefer small improvements e.g. drainage
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Urban change in Mumbai (Urbanisation)
Between 1991-2011 the population more than doubled from natural population growth and in-wards migration, growing in a north direction but limited due to creeks and swamps
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Characteristics of Mumbai as a megacity (Urban forms)
Many residents are illegal squatters (bustees), financial capital and home to Mumbai stock exchange, 40% of India's foreign trade, large unskilled and informal workforce who earn money through being taxi drivers, mechanics, sheet sellers
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Spatial patterns and land use (Urban forms)
Derives off of several island which are separated by swamps
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Urban heat island
Coastal as it is on a peninsula, low tree cover in the city, dense horizontal and vertical growth, 4 small rivers, 28-36 degrees
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What has worsened the urban heat island?
Larger population, hotter climate, close housing, no strategies
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Management strategies for urban heat island
No strategies, no mitigation or heritage to stop tall buildings
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Urban wind
The Imperial (400m, 116 stories) has a curvature shape to be aerodynamic, the exterior diffuses direct sunlight, systems to collect and treat rainfall, confuses wind by breaking it up with north and south facing sky gardens, green wall podium
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Air quality
December 2017 smog, north easterly wind mixed with Mumbai's moisture-laden warm wind, cooler wind defends, this is more of an issue as industry is still very central
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Pollution reduction policies
Reduce private vehicles by improving public transport, alternative fuel, catalytic converters, Maharashtra Pollution Control Board set air quality guidelines, cleaner fuels and bypass around the city not through
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Air pollution
Due to improper waste management, combustion and industry, 103 micrograms per meter cubed, central pollution control board need to create a plan
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Water pollution
Due to dumping of waste, 13 times over the limit as 250 mg whereas should be 20mg, Daffarts prevailed case in August 2017 at supreme court to clean the river Mithi
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Dereliction
Not much dereliction because slums are not counted as they are not legal housing, multi-storey apartments are being built which are 350 sq ft, 78,000-80,000 homes
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Card 2

Front

What rate is the population growing in Mumbai?

Back

480 people a day

Card 3

Front

Where is Mumbai located?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the reasons for Mumbai's growth (Urban Functions)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How much open space is there for people?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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