Motion and Forces
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- Created by: cecesummers
- Created on: 28-04-17 17:00
What is a Scalar Quantity?
It has a magnitude (size) but no specific direction.
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What is a Vector Quantity?
Has both magnitude and a specific direction.
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Examples of Vector Quantity
1)Displacement 2)Velocity 3)Acceleration 4)Force 5)Mass
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Examples of Scalar Quantity
1) Distance 2)Speed 3)Time 4)Power )Energy
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What is Velocity?
Speed in a stated direction
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Equation about Distance
Equation about Speed
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Interpret Distance time graph
Horizontal line-Object is stationary Straight,sloping line-object travelling at constant speed, steep line-faster the object is travelling.
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How do you calculate speed on a distance time graph
the gradient of a line
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How do you calculate the gradient of a line
Vertical difference between two points/Horizontal difference between two points.
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What is Acceleration?
Change in velocity(speed in a certain direction)
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How do you calculate acceleration?
.
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Use the Equation 2nd Acceleration
.
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Interpret Velocity time graphs
Horizontal line-object travelling at constant velocity Sloping line-object is accelerating Slopes down to the right-object decelerates Negative velocity(line below the horizontal axis)-object move in opposite direction.
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How to calculate area of a graph
.
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1)Determining the speed of a object
1)Prop up ramp.Place trolley on ramp.Adjust slope of the ramp until trolley moves itself.Keep the ramp like this for whole investigation.Set up light gates and the pulley attached to the trolley.2)Stick piece of card(measure length of card)on trolley
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2)Determining the speed of a object
3)Find mass of the trolley and write it down 4)Add mass on the end of string.Keep the same amount of mass for all tests. 5)Release trolley from the top of the ramp,write down the speed of the trolley-from data-logger-when it passes from light gate.
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3)Determining the speed of a object
Write down all results from one light gate to the other 6)Keep adding masses and repeat previous step. This experiment is investigating how the mass affects acceleration.
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Newtons First Law
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force (when two forces acting on an object are not equal in size)
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NFL Resultant force is 0
If the resultant force is zero, then the body either remains at rest or else it will continue to move at constant velocity .
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NFL Resultant force is not 0
A stationary object begins to accelerate in the same direction as the force.A moving object speeds up, slows down or changes direction.
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Newtons second law
The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
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Formula for Newtons Second Law
.
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Define weight
The force pulling an object downwards. Calculate it by: M*G
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Describe how weight is measured
Measured in Newtons.Weight is a force.
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Relationship between body and the gravitational field stregnth
Gravity is a force that attracts objects with mass towards each other. The weight of an object is the force acting on it due to gravity. The gravitational field strength of the Earth is 10 N/kg.
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Explain what happens when a object moves in a circular orbit.
An object moving in a circle has a changing velocity but its speed remains the same. The resultant force that causes the change in direction is called centripetal force.
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Centripetal force
The resultant force that causes the change in direction is called centripetal force and acts towards the centre of the circle.
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What is Inertial Mass?
A measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object. Calculate it by force of it/acceleration that force produces.
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Newtons third law
For every action-equal and opposite reaction. The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects. The size of the forces on the first object equals the size of the force on the second object
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N3L and equillibrium
Nothing is moving. Forces are equal to each other.
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What are action reaction forces
Not the same as balanced forces but the size of the forces are equal and act in opposite direction but action-reaction forces act on different objects.
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Equilibrium and action reaction forces
The force of the collision of two things would be equal because they are both exerting pressure. E.G Headering a ball - force of the ball on the head exerts pressure and the head exerting pressure on ball to bounce back
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Define momentum
Refers to the quantity of motion that an object has.
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How to calculate momentum
mass*velocity
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Examples of momentum in collisons
If two objects (a car and a truck, for example) collide, momentum will always be conserved.
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Use Newtons Second Law
.
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Methods of Human Reaction Times and typical results
Can be meaured using computers and electrical circuits that measure the time between a stimulus (flashlight or sound) and a response.
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Equation for Stopping Distance
Stopping Distance = Thinking Distance + Braking Distance
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1)What Stopping Distance is affected by
1) Mass of Vehicle- more mass= more force needed to decelerate this means it will travel further-Greater braking distance 2)Speed-braking distance increases with greater speed. 3)Drivers reaction time-If the car is still moving-needs to react quicker
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2)What Stopping Distance is affected by
4)State of the brakes-brakes use friction to slow it down-brakes are worn-less friction and don't slow down the vehicle as quickly. 5)State of the road-road is wet-less friction-breaking distance is increased
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Factors affecting drivers reaction time
If the driver has been taking drugs or drinking - distraction such as mobile phones - all increases reaction times.
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Dangers caused by large deceleration
The car, its contents and the passengers decelerate rapidly. They experience great forces because of the change in momentum which can cause injuries.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a Vector Quantity?
Back
Has both magnitude and a specific direction.
Card 3
Front
Examples of Vector Quantity
Back
Card 4
Front
Examples of Scalar Quantity
Back
Card 5
Front
What is Velocity?
Back
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