Recurring process in which the lining of the uterus is prepared for pregnancy
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Menstruation
When the lining of the uterus is shed as a period
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FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
Released by the pituitary gland and stimulates eggs to mature in the follicle
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Oestrogen
Released from the ovaries and causes the lining of the uterus to build up
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LH (luitonising hormone)
Released from the pituitary gland and triggered ovulation - the follicle ruptures and the egg is released
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Corpus luteum
The remains of the ruptured follicle is stimulated to develop into this structure which then secretes progesterone
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Progesterone
Released by the corpus luteum after ovulation - as progesterone levels fall menstruation occurs. It maintains the lining of the uterus.
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Osmoregulation
The control of the water content of the body
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What are the three main functions of the kidneys?
Removal of urea, adjustment of mineral ion levels, adjustment of water content
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Ureter
Transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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Bladder
Urine is stored here
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Urethra
The duct by which urine is excreted
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Ultrafiltration
The liquid part of the blood is forced out of the glomerulus and into the bowman’s capsule at high pressure
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Selective Reabsorption
As the liquid flows along the nephron, useful substances are reabsorbed when needed
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Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule
Blood from the renal artery is filtered under pressure in the glomerulus. Glucose, urea, mineral ions and water filter out and into the Bowman’s capsule
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Proximal convoluted tubule
All of the glucose is reabsorbed back into the blood by diffusion then active transport. Some of the mineral ions are reabsorbed by active transport and some of the water by osmosis - selective reabsorption
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Loop of Henlé
More water is reabsorbed into the blood by osmosis to produce a more concentrated filtrate
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Distal convoluted tubule
Even more water and mineral ions are reabsorbed here if necessary
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Collecting duct
The concentrated solution of urea and mineral ions to be removed form the body is called urine. Water is also reabsorbed from the collecting duct and this is where a hormone called ADH has its effects
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ADH
A hormone which starts to work when the body loses too much water and the concentration of blood starts to increase. The increase is detected by the hypothalamus which causes the pituitary gland to release more ADH.
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How does ADH work?
It makes the collecting ducts of the nephrons more permeable so that more water is reabsorbed back into the blood
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Give two causes of loss of kidney function
Preeclampsia, extreme dehydration, diabetes, high blood pressure
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Dialysis fluid
Low in salt and urea; sugar and mineral concentration is the same as the blood
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Dialysis Membrane
Partially permeable so blood cells cannot pass through it but urea can
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Trophism
A growth response to a particular stimulus in plants
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Phototrophism
A growth response to light
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Gravitrophism
A growth response to gravity
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Positive (trophism)
If growth is towards the stimulus
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Negative (trophism)
If growth is away from the stimulus
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Auxin
A plant hormone responsible for controlling the direction of growth of shoot and root tips
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Recurring process in which the lining of the uterus is prepared for pregnancy
Back
The menstrual cycle
Card 3
Front
When the lining of the uterus is shed as a period
Back
Card 4
Front
Released by the pituitary gland and stimulates eggs to mature in the follicle
Back
Card 5
Front
Released from the ovaries and causes the lining of the uterus to build up
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