Male + female undergraduates and research staff. Study 1 – not reported / Study 2 – 12p's / Study 3 - 28 p's
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Controls?
1). Volume 2). Instructions 3). Speed and expression of recorded messages
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Materials?
stereophonic tape recorder: modified with twin amplifiers to give two independent outputs
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How many Experiments were there?
3 experiments -Ps given 4 passages of text to shadow for practice , all recorded by same male speaker,Messages subjectively equal in loudness, Dichotic listening task .
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Experiment 1- experimental design?
Repeated measures
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Experiment 1- I.V and D.V?
IV: 1). Type of message (shadowed/rejected) 2). Dichotic listening task 3). Recognition task + DV: number of words correctly recognised from rejected message
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Experiment 1 – Results ?
1). Rejected message, not recognised 2). Significant to 0.01. 3). Supports work of Cherry (1953) 4) 30 secs delay didn’t have an impact
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Experiment 1 – Quantitive Results ?
1). Shadowed: 4.9/7 2). Rejected message 1.9/7 3). Presented for the first time in recognition test 2.6/7
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Experiment 2- experimental design?
Repeated measures
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Experiment 2- I.V and D.V?
IV: own name + DV: frequency instruction heard
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Experiment 2 – Results ?
1) Ignored instructions in shadowed message. 2) Name before instructions: 20/39 heard 3) No name before instructions: 4/39 heard (Significant: pay attention when we hear our own name)
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Experiment 3- experimental design?
Independent measures
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Experiment 3- I.V ?
IV: 1). whether digits were inserted into both messages or only one 2). whether participants had to answer questions about the shadowed message at the end of each passage or whether participants had to merely remember all the numbers they could
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Experiment 3- D.V ?
DV: number of digits correctly recorded
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Experiment 3 – Results?
1). Results not significant 2). Telling p’s what they will be tested on did not have an effect.
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Overall Conclusions?
1)Almost none of the verbal content of the rejected message is able to get through this block. 2)‘important’ messages, such as our own name can penetrate this block, which may be part of the rejected message.
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Overall Conclusions?
almost impossible to make ‘neutral’ material important enough to break through the block which occurs in dichotic shadowing.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Sample?
Back
Male + female undergraduates and research staff. Study 1 – not reported / Study 2 – 12p's / Study 3 - 28 p's
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