immediate response: scientists monitor seismic activity - dormant, not extinct as previously thought
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August 1995
evacuation of south of island begins
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April 1996
Plymouth (capital) evacuated
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25th June 1997
Chances Peak erupts, 5 million cubic metres of hot rock + ash, pyroclastic flows - KILLED 19, AIRPORT DESTROYED, lahars, hot ash - 2/3 HOMES BURRIED/ FLATTENED
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immediate IMPCATS of 1997 eruption
3/4 all infrastructure destroyed, farmland + vegetation, more than 1/2 of 11,000 pop. evacuated to Antigua, UK, US
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Dates of further eruptions
Dec 2006, Jul 2008, Feb 2010 (vulcanian)
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About Chances Peak
In Soufriere Hills, composite volcano - violent eruption, silica rich andesitic lava, pyroclastic flows
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About Monsterrat
British Overseas terratory, Island Arc - S. American plate subducted by Caribbean plate
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Short term impacts
Montserrat Volcano Observatory 1995 - successfully predict 1997 eruption, exclusion zones in south, NGO = temp schools, provide med support + food, warning systems (speakers+media), US+British troops, £17 mill UK aid - temp building, water purificati
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Long term impacts
1998 pop.=full residencey rights in UK (and citizenship 2002) =top heavy pop. young migrated, 3yr development prog. houses, schools, infrastructure + agriculture, by 2005 many moved back to island = 5250 (less than 1/2 1995 level), new capital Brades
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Further long term impacts
vegetation regrowth as ash+lava broken down = fertile soil, used for cash crops (cotton), 2/3 island = exclusion zone, sirens tested daily
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ECONOMIC long term impacts
UK aid 420 mill, rebranding as volacano = adventure tourism = new infrastructure = hotels + airport, potential for geothermal energy+ export volcanic sand = construction
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