Monoclonal Antibodies

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How Monoclonal Antibodies are Produced
They are produced from lots of clones of a single WBC. This means all the antibodies are identical and will target one antigen. However, this type of WBC doesn't divide very easily. But tumour cells divide lots so they can be grown really easily.
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How Monoclonal Antibodies are Produced Continued
A mouse B-lymphocyte (WBC) can be fused with a tumour cell to create a cell called a hybridoma. They can be cloned to get lots of identical cells. These cells all produce the same antibodies, which can be collected and purified.
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How Useful are They?
You can make monoclonal antibodies that bind to anything you want, e.g an antigen that's only found on the surface of one type of cell. They're useful because they will on bind to this molecule- this means you can use them to target a specific cell.
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Monoclonal Antibodies in Pregnancy Tests
The bit of the pregnancy test stick you urinate on has some antibodies to the hormone (HCG), with blue beads attached. The test ***** has some more antibodies to the hormone stuck on it (so they can't move).
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Monoclonal Antibodies in Pregnancy Tests (If you're pregnant)
If you're pregnant: the hormone binds to the antibodies on the blue beads. The urine moves up the stick, carrying the hormone and the beads. They bind to the antibodies on the *****, so the blue beads get stuck on the *****, turning it blue.
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Monoclonal Antibodies in Pregnancy Tests (If you aren't pregnant)
If you're not pregnant: the urine still moves up the stick, carrying the blue beads, but there's nothing to stick the blue beads onto the test *****, so it doesn't go blue.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A mouse B-lymphocyte (WBC) can be fused with a tumour cell to create a cell called a hybridoma. They can be cloned to get lots of identical cells. These cells all produce the same antibodies, which can be collected and purified.

Back

How Monoclonal Antibodies are Produced Continued

Card 3

Front

You can make monoclonal antibodies that bind to anything you want, e.g an antigen that's only found on the surface of one type of cell. They're useful because they will on bind to this molecule- this means you can use them to target a specific cell.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The bit of the pregnancy test stick you urinate on has some antibodies to the hormone (HCG), with blue beads attached. The test ***** has some more antibodies to the hormone stuck on it (so they can't move).

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

If you're pregnant: the hormone binds to the antibodies on the blue beads. The urine moves up the stick, carrying the hormone and the beads. They bind to the antibodies on the *****, so the blue beads get stuck on the *****, turning it blue.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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