Monoclonal Antibodies

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What type of biological molecule are monoclonal antibodies ?
Proteins
1 of 15
Describe the function of antibodies .
They help clump pathogens together for different white blood cells to engulf and destroy them with enzymes.
2 of 15
Describe what an antigen is.
A protein on the surface of a pathogen that is recognised as foreign by the immune system
3 of 15
Define the term 'monoclonal antibody'.
An antibody produced from the fusion of a mouse spleen cell and a myeloma cell
4 of 15
Name the two scientists who first discovered monoclonal antibodies and were awarded the Nobel Prize for doing so.
Georges Köhler and César Milstein
5 of 15
Describe the process of making monoclonal antibodies.
An antigen is injected into a mouse. The mouse’s immune response produces antibodies specific to the injected antigen. Spleen cells from the mouse are fused with myeloma cells to form hybridoma cells.
6 of 15
Name the two cell types that are fused together to make hybridoma cells.
Spleen cells and myeloma cells
7 of 15
Give two conditions that monoclonal antibodies can test for.
Any two from: pregnancy, HIV/AIDS tests, herpes, Chlamydia
8 of 15
Give one use for monoclonal antibodies other than tests.
Treating cancer
9 of 15
What makes antibodies recognise antigens?
Their shapes fit together.
10 of 15
Describe the discovery that started the development of monoclonal antibodies to be used for many different purposes.
Antibodies can bind to almost any substance, not just antigens.
11 of 15
Explain why spleen cells are used.
They contain the antibody-producing white blood cells.
12 of 15
Define the term 'myeloma cell' .
A cell from a malignant tumour of bone marrow
13 of 15
Explain how monoclonal antibodies are used in pregnancy tests.
They identify very small concentrations of HCG hormone in the urine of pregnant women. The monoclonal antibody is stuck to a small ***** of paper onto which a woman urinates. If she is pregnant the monoclonal antibodies will bind with HCG and colour
14 of 15
Explain why monoclonal antibodies have not been the 'magic bullet' some scientists thought they might be.
They have produced some unexpected side effects and require more testing.
15 of 15

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the function of antibodies .

Back

They help clump pathogens together for different white blood cells to engulf and destroy them with enzymes.

Card 3

Front

Describe what an antigen is.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define the term 'monoclonal antibody'.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name the two scientists who first discovered monoclonal antibodies and were awarded the Nobel Prize for doing so.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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