Module B1

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What factors increase blood pressure?
Being over weight, stress, high alcohol intake, smoking
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What factors decrease blood pressure?
Regular exercise, balanced diet
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What is meant by being healthy?
Being free from disease or any infection
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What is meant by being fit?
How well you can perform a physical task
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How can fitness be measured?
Strength, speed, agility, flexibility, stamina-good indictation of cardiovascular fitness
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What do the blood pressure measurements consist of?
Systolic- when the heart contracts (135) and diastolic- when the heart relaxes (85)
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What are the consequences of having high blood pressure?
Blood vessels can burst, this can lead to strokes, brain damage or kidney damage
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What are the consequences of having low blood pressure?
Causes poor circulation. Tissues don't get all the food and oxygen needed, if your brain doesnt get enough food and oxygen you'll get dizzy and end up fainting
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How does smoking increase blood pressure?
Carbon monoxide- combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells, this reduces the amount of oxygen they can carry. To make up for this the heart has to contract more frequently, which increases blood pressure. Nicotine- increases heart rate
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How can diet increase the risk of heart disease?
Too much saturated fats lead to a build up of cholestrol in arteries, forming plaques in the artery wall, which narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow, which can lead to heart attack. Too much salt increases blood pressuse
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What are coronary arteries?
They supply the heart muscle with blood
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How do narrowed coronary arteries together with thombosis increase risk of heart attack?
Blood flow to the heart is resticted and the heart receieves less oxygen. If thrombosis occurs in a narrowed coronary arteries blood flow to the heart might be completely blocked, causing a heart attack
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What are carbohydrates made up of?
Simple sugars such as glucose. They are stored in the liver as glycogen or converted into fats
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What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids. They dont get stored
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What are fats made up of?
Fatty acids and glycerol. They can be stored under the skin and around organs as adipose tissue.
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How can a balanced diet vary depending on age?
Children and teenagers need more protein for growth, whereas older people need more calcium to protect against degenerative bone diseases like osteoporosis
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How can a balanced diet vary depending on gender?
Females need more iron to reeplace the iron lost in mentral blood
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How can a balanced diet vary depending on religion?
Some religions believe you shouldnt eat certain animals. E.g. Hindus dont eat cows becausethey believe cows are sacred.
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How can a balanced diet vary depending on personal choice?
Vegetarians dont eat meat for various reasons - cruel to animals, dont like the taste, think its healthier or trendy. Vegans dont eat any products from animals at all
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How can a balanced diet vary depending on amount of physical activity a person does?
Active people need more protein for muscle development and more carbohydrate for energy
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How can a balanced diet vary depending on medical issues?
Some people are intolerant to foods (dairy products) eating them makes the person feel ill and bloated, this is often because they cant make the enzyme to digest the food properly. Others are allergic (nuts) eating this can have a severe reaction
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Why is protein deficiency (kwashiorkor) common in developing countries?
Over population means high demand for protein rich food is greater than the amount avaliable.There is a limited amount of money invested in agriculture
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What are amino acids?
Essential amino acids that your body can not make, you can only get them from your diet
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What are first class proteins?
Animal proteins (found in meat) -Contain all the essential amino acids
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What are second class proteins?
Plant proteins -these do not contain all the amino acids needed, therefore vegetarians need to eat proteins from a wide variety oof plamt sources to make sure they get the complete range
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What is EAR?
estimated daily figure for an average person of a certain body mass. EAR(g) = 0.6 x body mass (kg)
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Why may the EAR for protein vary depending on age?
Teenagers need more protein than adults as they are still growing
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Why may the EAR for protein vary depending on pregnancy?
Pregnant women need more protein to help the baby grow. A women breast feeding needs extra protein in order to produce milk
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What is BMI?
A guide to understand the terms underweight, normal, overweigh and obese. BMI= mass(kg) / (height in m)2
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What is anorexia nervosa?
Psychological disorder which leads to self-starvation and can cause under-nutrition. This is caused by low self-esteem, poor self image and desire to be 'perfect'
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What is Bulimia nervosa?
Psychological disorder which involves bouts of binge eating, followed by self-induced vomiting. This can cause under-nutrition and is usually caused by low self-esteem, poor self image and disire to be 'perfect'
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What risks can low self-esteem, poor image and desire to be 'perfect' have on a person?
Poor diet, liver failure, kidney failure, heart attacks, muscle wastage, low blood pressure, mineral deficiencies and bulimia can lead to tooth decay. Both disorders can be fatal
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What factors decrease blood pressure?

Back

Regular exercise, balanced diet

Card 3

Front

What is meant by being healthy?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is meant by being fit?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How can fitness be measured?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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