Module 2 Section 4: Electrons, Bonding and Structure

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  • Created by: Ilee
  • Created on: 03-12-18 15:15
How many orbitals does a p sub-shell contain?
3
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How many electrons can a p sub-shell hold?
6
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How many electrons can the 3rd electron shell hold in total?
18
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Describe the shape of an s-orbital
spherical
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Describe the shape of a p-orbital
dumbbell-shaped
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What does 'electron configuration' mean?
The number of electrons that an atom or ion has and how they are arranged
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Which electron shells are filled up first?
The shells with the lowest energy (e.g. 1s then 2s then 2p etc)
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What effect does electrostatic attraction have on oppositely charged ions?
It holds positive and negative ions together
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Explain what an ionic lattice is
A regular structure made up of ions
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Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten
The ions in a molten ionic compound are free to move (and they carry a charge).
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Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound. Apart from the changes to its electrical conductivity when in different states, describe three physical properties you would expect magnesium chloride to have
It will have a high melting and boiling point. It will dissolve in water..
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What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
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Explain what a triple covalent bond is
It is a covalent bond formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons
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Describe the difference between a normal single covalent bond and a dative covalent bond
In a normal single covalent bond, one of the electrons in the shared pair of electrons comes from each atom. In a dative covalent bond, one of the atoms provides both of the shared electrons
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What does the average bon enthalpy tell you about a covalent bond?
Average bond enthalpy tells you how strong a covalent bond is/ how much energy is required to break a covalent bond
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What is the bond angle between electron pairs in a trigonal planar molecule?
120°
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Name the structure that a molecule will have if it has six bonding pairs on the central atom
Octahedral
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Chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen. Explain what this means
Electronegativity is the ability to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond. So a chlorine atom is better able to attract the electrons than a hydrogen atom
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Explain why the H-F bond is polarised
Fluorine is more electronegative than hydrogen so attracts the electrons in the H-F covalent bond more than the hydrogen. The bonding electrons are pulled towards the fluorine atom. This makes the bond polar
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What is a dipole?
A dipole is a difference in charge between two atoms caused by a shift in the electron density in the bond between them
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Name the three types of intermolecular forces
Induced dipole-dipole interactions, permanent dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds
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Describe the bonding within and between iodine molecules
There are covalent bonds within iodine molecules and induced dipole-dipole interactions between iodine molecules. The intermolecular forces mean that iodine forms a simple molecular lattice
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What are permanent dipole-dipole forces?
Permanent dipole-dipole interactions are weak electrostatic forces of attraction between polar molecules
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What is the strongest ammonia force in ammonia?
Hydrogen bonding
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Explain why ice is less dense than liquid water
Ice has more hydrogen bonds than liquid water, and hydrogen bonds are relatively long. So the H2O molecules in ice are further apart on average, making ice less dense than liquid water
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Chlorine (Cl2) is a simple covalent molecule
.
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Explain why chlorine is only slightly soluble in water
.
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Would you expect chlorine to conduct electricity? Explain your answer.
.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How many electrons can a p sub-shell hold?

Back

6

Card 3

Front

How many electrons can the 3rd electron shell hold in total?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the shape of an s-orbital

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the shape of a p-orbital

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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