A substance that release H+ ions in aqueous solution (a proton donor)
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What is a base?
A substance that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution (a proton acceptor)
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Explain the term: a strong acid
An acid that almost completely ionises/dissociates in an aqueous in an aqueous solution
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Explain the term: a weak base
A base that only slightly ionises/dissociates in an aqueous solution
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What is the molecular formula of hydrochloric acid?
HCl
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What is the molecular formula of sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
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What is the molecular formula of nitric acid?
HNO3
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What is the molecular formula of sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
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What is the molecular formula of potassium hydroxide?
KOH
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What is the molecular formula of ammonia?
NH3
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What type of salt does hydrochloric acid form?
chloride
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What type of salt does sulfuric acid form?
sulfate
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What type of salt does nitric acid form?
nitrate
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Which piece of equipment would you use to add an acid of known concentration to a conical flask of alkali, during an acid-base titration?
A burette
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Name two indicators used for acid/base titrations
Methyl orange an phenopthalein
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What is a standard solution?
A solution that has a precisely known concentration
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What products are formed when an acid reacts with a base?
A salt and water
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What products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
A salt, carbon dioxide and water
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What products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal?
A salt and hydrogen
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What name is given to the water molecules in a lattice?
Water of crystallisation
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What does anhydrous mean?
Anhydrous means that a substance doesn't contain water of crystallisation
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How might a hydrated salt converted into an anhydrous salt?
By heating - hydrated salts lose their water of crystallisation and become anhydrous when they are heated
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What is meant by the 'theoretical yield' of a reaction?
The theoritical yield is the mass of product that should be formed in a chemical reaction, assuming no chemicals are 'lost' in the process
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Write down the formula for percentage yield.
(Actual yield ÷ theoritical yield) x 100
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What is meant by the 'atom economy' of a reaction?
Atom economy is a measure of the proportion of reactant atoms that become part of the desired product (rather than by-products) in the balanced chemical equation.
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Write down the formula for calculating % atom economy
(Mr of desired product ÷ Total Mr of all products) x 100
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Give two reasons why reactions with a low atom economy are not used in industry
For low atom economy reactions, there's a lot of waste produced and it costs money to seperate the desired product from waste
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Give the oxidation number of an element bonded to an identical atom
0
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What is the sum of the oxidation numbers for a neutral compound?
0
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What is the oxidation number of oxygen in a peroxide?
-1
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Give the oxidation number of hydrogen in a metal hydride.
-1
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What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons
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What is reduction?
Gain of electrons
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Describe the role of an oxidising agent in a redox reaction
Accepts electrons from another reactant and is reduced
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Describe the role of a reducing agent in a redox reaction.
Donates electrons to another reactant and is oxidised
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What happens to the oxidation number when an atom loses an electron?
It increases by 1
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What happens to the oxidation number when an atom gains an electron?
It decreases by 1
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a base?
Back
A substance that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution (a proton acceptor)
Card 3
Front
Explain the term: a strong acid
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain the term: a weak base
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the molecular formula of hydrochloric acid?
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