Partially negative oxygen and partially positive hydrogen, as the electrons are shared unequally.
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How do Hydrogen Bonds form between Water Molecules?
Partially positive hydrogen is attracted to the partially negative oxygen, forming weak h-bonds.
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What are the Properties of Water?
High specific heat capacity. High latent heat of evaporation. Very cohesive. Lower density when solid. Good solvent.
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What are Monosccharides of Carbohydrates?
Glucose: alpha and beta. Ribose. (Ensure you know the diagrams)
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How are Polysaccharides of Carbohydrates formed?
When more than two monosaccharides form glycosidic bonds through a condensation reaction.
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What is the Function of the Carbohydrate Starch?
Energy store for plants. Excess glucose stored as starch. Made of amylose and amylopectin
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What is the Function of the Carbohydrate Glycogen?
Main energy store in animals. Store excess glucose as glycogen. Branched and insoluble.
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What is the Function of the Carbohydrate Cellulose?
The cell wall in plants. Unbranched beta-glucose linked together by hydrogen bonds.
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What are Triglycerides?
One molecule of glycerol with three fatty acids, synthesised by ester bonds between fatty acids and glycerol.
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What is Esterification?
Condensation reaction where triglycerides are synthesised to form ester bonds.
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What are the differences between Saturated fatty acids and Unsaturated fatty acids?
Unsaturated have a double bond , whereas saturated don't.
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What are Phospholipids?
A glycerol molecule attached to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
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What is Cholesterol ?
Hydrocarbon ring structure is attached to a polar hydroxyl group (OH) and a hydrocarbon tail.
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What are the functions of Triglycerides?
Energy store in plants and animals, contain twice as much energy as carbs. Are insoluble so don't swell and form a Shield.
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What are the functions of Phospholipids?
Make up phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes. So control what substance are entering cell.
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What are the functions of Cholesterol?
Interact with phospholipid bilayer to strengthen cell membrane, by packing them closer together to decrease fluidity and make it more rigid.
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What are Proteins?
A polypeptide chain of amino acids joined together to form a specific shape to carry out a specific function.
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What is the structure of a Amino Acid?
A carboxyl group and a amino group attached to a carbon which is also attached to a hydrogen and a R-group
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How are Amino Acid Chains Formed?
A condensation reaction between amino acids form peptide bonds
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What is Protein Structure?
Primary-Peptide chain, Secondary-Hbonds form alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, Tertiary Bonds and interactions cause further folding and coiling, Quaternary-Peptide chains held together to form3D structure.
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What are Globular Proteins?
Round and compact with hydrophilic Rgroup, are soluble be easily transported. Eg. Haemoglobim, Insulin, Amylase.
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What are Fibrous Proteins?
Tough, Rope shaped proteins that aren't very reactive. Eg. Collagen, Keratin, Elastin
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What are Inorganic Ions?
A atom with a electrical charge that doesn't contain a carbon. Need to know Cations (+) and Anions(-).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do Hydrogen Bonds form between Water Molecules?
Back
Partially positive hydrogen is attracted to the partially negative oxygen, forming weak h-bonds.
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