Module 2 Section 1: Atoms and Moles

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  • Created by: Ilee
  • Created on: 21-11-18 12:20
Name the three types of particle found in an atom
Proton, neutron and electron
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Give the relative mass of a neutron
1
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Give the relative mass of an electron
1/2000
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Give the relative mass of a proton
1
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State where in the atom a proton is found
Protons are found in the nucleus
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State where in the atom an electron is found
Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus
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State where in the atom a neutron is found
Neutrons are found in the nucleus
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What is mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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What is atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom
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How can you work out the number of neutrons an atom has?
By subtracting the atomic number from the mass number
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What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Chemical properties of an element are decided by the number and arrangement of electrons. Isotopes have the same configuration of electrons so have the same chemical properties
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Explain why isotopes can have different physical properties
Physical properties depend on the mass of an atom. Isotopes have different masses so can have different physical properties
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Describe how JJ Thomson's model of the atom was differemt from Dalton's model
Dalton described the atoms as solid spheres. JJ Thomson suggested that atoms were not solid spheres - he thought they contained small negatively charged particles in a positively charged 'pudding'
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What name was given to JJ Thomson's model of the atom?
The plum pudding model
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Name the scientists who conducted the gold foil experiment in 1909
Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden
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Explain how the gold foil experiment provided evidence that Thomson's model was wrong
If Thomson's model was right the alpha particles fired at the sheet of goil should have been deflected by the positive 'pudding' that made up most of the atom. Most of the alpha particles passed through the gold atoms, and a small number deflected.
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Describe Rutherford's model of the atom
Rutherford's model has a tiny positively charged nucleus at the centre surrounded by a "cloud" of negative electrons. Most of the atom is empty space.
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Describe the main features of Bohr's model of the atom
In Bohr's model the electrons only exist in fixed shells and not anywhere in between. Each shell has a fixed energy. When an electron moves between shells electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed. The shells radiation has a fixed frequency.
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Is the Bohr model a true representation of the structure of the atom?
No
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What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of cabon-12
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What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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What is relative molecular mass?
The average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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What is relative formula mass?
The average mass of a formula unit compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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How many particles are there in a mole?
6.02 x 10^23
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What's the name for the number of particles in a mole?
The Avogadro constant
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What is the molar mass of a chemical?
The mass of one mole of the chemical
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What's the formula that links molar mass and number of moles?
Number of moles = Mass of substance ÷ molar mass
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What is the formula for calculating the number of moles in a volume of gas in dm3 at room temperature?
Number of moles = volume in dm3 ÷ 24
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What is the formula for calculating the number of moles in a volume of gas in cm3 at room temperature?
Number of moles = volume in cm3 ÷ 24 000
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Write out the ideal gas equation. Say what the terms mean and give the standard units that each is measured in.
pV = nRT, p = pressure (Pa), v = volume (m3), n = number of moles, R = 8.314JK-1 mol-1, T = temperature (K)
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State why it might be dangerous to use a gas syringe that is too small, when measuring the gas produced by a reaction.
If the gas syringe is too small, the plunger may be blown out of the end of the gas syringe during the experiment. This could release toxic or flammable gases into the atmosphere
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What's the formula that links number of moles and concentration?
Number of moles = (concentration x volume in cm3) ÷ 1000 and Number of moles = concentration x volume in dm3
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How many cm3 are there in one dm3?
1000
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give the relative mass of a neutron

Back

1

Card 3

Front

Give the relative mass of an electron

Back

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Card 4

Front

Give the relative mass of a proton

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

State where in the atom a proton is found

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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