Module 2: Quick fire questions

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Name three types of particles found in an atom
Proton, neutron, electron
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Give the relative masses of the three particles found in an atom
Proton-1, neutron-1, electron-1/2000
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State where in the atom each of the three particles would be found
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus. Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus
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What is mass number?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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What is atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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How can you work out the number of neutrons an atom has?
By subtracting the atomic number from the mass number
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What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Chemical properties of an element are decided by the number and arrangement of electrons. Isotopes have the same configuration of electrons so have the same chemical properties
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Explain why isotopes can have different physical properties
Physical properties depend on the mass of an atom. Isotopes have different masses so can have different physical properties
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Describe how JJ Thomson's model of the atom was different from Dalton's model
Dalton described atoms as solid spheres. JJ Thomson suggested the atoms were not solid spheres - he thought they contained smally negatively charged particles in a positively charged 'pudding'
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What name was given to JJ Thomson's model of the atom?
The plum pudding model
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Name the scientists who conducted the gold foil experiment in 1909
Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden
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Explain how the gold foil experiment provided evidence that Thomson's model was wrong
If Thomson's model was correct the alpha particles fired at the sheet of gold should have been deflected very slightly by the positive 'pudding' that made up most of the atom. Instead, most of the alpha particles went straight through the gold atoms
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Decribe the Rutherford's model of the atom
Rutherfords model has a tiny positively charged nucleus at the centre surrounded by a 'cloud' of a negative electrons. Most of the atom is empty space
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Describe the main features of Bohr's model of the atom
The electrons only exist in fixed shells and not anywhere in between. Each shell has a fixed energy. When an electron moves between shells electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed. The energy of the shell is fixed, the radiation will be fixed
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Is the Bohr model a true representation of the structure of the atom?
No
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What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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What is relative molecular mass?
The average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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What is relative formula mass?
The average mass of formula unit compared to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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How many particles are there in a mole?
6.02 x 10^23`
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What's the name for the number of particles in a mole?
The avogandro constant
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What is the molar mass of a chemical?
The mass of one mole of the chemical
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What's the formula that links molar mass and number of moles?
Number of moles = mass of substance ÷ molar mass`
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What is the formula for calculating the number of moles in a volume of gas in dm³ ar r.t.p?
number of moles = volume in dm³ ÷ 24
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What is the formula for calculating the number of moles in a volume of gas in cm³ at r.t.p?
number of moles = volume in cm³ ÷ 24 000
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What is the ideal gas equation? include units
P (pa) x V (m³) = n (no. of moles) x R (8.314 = gas constant) x T (K)
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State why it might be dangerous using a gas syringe that is too small, when measuring the gas produced by a reaction
If the gas syringe is too small, the plunger may be blown out of the end of the gas syringe during the experiment/reaction. This could release toxic or flammable gases into the atmosphere, which is highly dangerous
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What are the two formulas that links number of moles and concentration?
No. of moles = concentration x volume (in cm³) ÷ 1000 and No. of moles = concentration x volume (in dm³)
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How many cm³ are there in one dm³?
1000
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What does the empirical formula of a compound tell you?
The empirical formula gives the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
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What does the molecular formula of a compound tell you?
The molecular formula gives the actual numbers of atoms of each type of element in a molecule
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What equation links the number of moles of a substance to its mass and molecular formula?
Moles = mass ÷ Mr
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What is meant by the percentage composition of a compound?
The percentage composition tells you what percentage of the mass of the compound is made up of each element
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What charge do the ions formed by Group 1 elements have?
+1
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Which elements does the carbonate ion contain?
Carbon and oxygen
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What is the charge on a silver ion?
+1
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What is an acid?
A substance that release H+ ions in aqueous solution (a proton donor)
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What is a base?
A substance that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution (a proton acceptor)
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Explain what is meant by a strong acid
An acid that almost completely ionises/ dissociates in an aqueous solution
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Explain what is meant by a weak base
A base that only slightl ionises/ dissociates in an aqueous solution
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What is the molecular formula of hydrochloric acid?
HCl
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What is the molecular formula of sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
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What is the molecular formula of nitric acid?
HNO3
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What is the molecular formula of sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
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What is the molecular formula of potassium hydroxide?
KOH
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What is the molecular formula of ammonia?
NH3
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What type of salt does hydrochloric acid form when it reacts?
chloride
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What type of salt does sulfuric acid form when it reacts?
sulfate
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What type of salt does nitric acid form when it reacts?
nitrate
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What type of salt does sodium hydroxide form when it reacts?
.
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What type of salt does potassium hydroxide form when it reacts?
.
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What type of salt does ammonia form when it reacts?
.
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What products are formed when an acid reacts with a base?
.
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What products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
.
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What products are formed when an acid reacts with a metal?
.
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What name is given to the water molecules in a lattice?
.
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What does anhydrous mean?
.
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How might a hydrated salt be converted into an anhydrous salt?
.
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Which piece of equipment would use to add an acid of known concentration to a conical flask of alkali, during an acid-base titration?
.
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Name two indicators used for acid/base titration
.
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What is a standard solution?
.
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What is meant by the 'therotical yield' of a reaction?
.
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What is the formula for percentage yield?
.
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What is meant by the 'atom economy' of a reaction?
.
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What is the formula for calculating % atom economy?
.
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Give two reasons why reactions with a low atom economy are not used in industry
.
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Give the oxidation number of an element bonded to an identical atom
.
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What is the sum of the oxidation numbers for a neutral compound?
.
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What is the oxidation number of oxygen in a peroxide?
.
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Give the oxidation number of hydrogen in a metal hydride
.
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What is oxidation?
.
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What is reduction?
.
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Describe the role of an oxidising agent in a redox reaction
.
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Describe the role of a reducing agent in a redox reaction
.
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What happens to the oxidation number when an atom loses an electron?
.
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What happens to the oxidation number when an atom gains an electron?
.
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How many orbitals does a p sub-shell contain?
.
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How many electrons can a p sub-shell hold?
.
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How many electrons can the 3rd electron shell hold in total?
.
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Describe the shape of an s-orbital
.
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Describe the shape of a p-orbital
.
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What does 'electron configuration' mean?
.
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Which electron shells are filled up first?
.
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What effect does electrostatic attraction have on oppositely charged ions?
.
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Explain what an ionic lattice is
.
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Explain why ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten
.
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Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound. Apart from the changes to its electrical conductivity when in different states, describe 3 physical properties you would expect magnesium chloride to have
.
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What is a covalent bond?
.
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Explain what a triple covalent bond is
.
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Describe the difference between a normal single covalent bond and a dative covalent bond
.
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What does the average bond enthalpy tell you about a covalent bond?
.
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What is the bond angle between electron pairs in a trigonal planar molecule?
.
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Name the structure that a molecule will have if it has six bondng pairs on the central atoms
.
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Chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen. Explain what this means
.
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Explain why the H-F bond is polarised
.
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What is a dipole?
.
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Name three types of intermolecular forces
.
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Describe the bonding within and between iodine molecules
.
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What are permanent dipole-dipole forces?
.
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What is the strongest intermolecular force in ammonia?
.
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Explain why ice is less dense than liquid water
.
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Chlorine (Cl2) is a simple covalent molecule. Explain why chlorine is only slightly soluble in water
.
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Would you expect chlorine to conduct electricity? Explain your answer
.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give the relative masses of the three particles found in an atom

Back

Proton-1, neutron-1, electron-1/2000

Card 3

Front

State where in the atom each of the three particles would be found

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is mass number?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is atomic number?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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