A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spin.
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Sub-shell
A group of the same type of atomic orbital within a shell.
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Ionic Bonding
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative (oppositely charged) ions.
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Covalent Bonding
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
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Dative Covalent (coordinate) Bond
A covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.
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Lone pair
An outer shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding
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Electronegativity
A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
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Non-polar
A charge with no separation across a bond or in a molecule
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Polar covalent bond
A bond with a permanent dipole, having positive and negative partial charges on the boned atoms
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Polar molecule
A molecule with an overall dipole, having taken into account any dipoles across bonds and the shape of the molecule.
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Intermolecular forces
An attractive force between molecules. Can be London forces, permanent dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding
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London forces/ Induced dipole-dipole interactions
Attractive forces between induced dipoles in different molecules.
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Permanent dipole-dipole interactions
Attractive forces between the permanent dipoles in different molecules
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Hydrogen bond
A strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron deficient hydrogen atom of -NH, -OH or HF on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom containing N, O, F on a different molecule
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Electron Configuration
A shorthand method for showing how electrons occupy sub-shells in an atom
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Giant covalent lattice
A three dimensional structure of atoms, bonded together by strong covalent bonds
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Giant ionic lattice
A three dimensional structure of oppositely charged ions, bonded together by strong ionic bonds
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Dipole-dipole force
An attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring polar molecules
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Principal quantum number:n
A number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital which increases with distance from the nucleus. A set of orbitals with the same n-value are referred to as electron shells or energy levels.
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(electron) Shell/ main energy level
A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number n
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simple molecular lattice
A three dimensional structure of molecules, bonded together by weak intermolecular forces.
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Dipole
A separation in electrical charge so that one atom of a polar covalent bond has a small positive charge and the other has a small negative charge
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A group of the same type of atomic orbital within a shell.
Back
Sub-shell
Card 3
Front
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative (oppositely charged) ions.
Back
Card 4
Front
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
Back
Card 5
Front
A covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only.
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