The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane down a concentration gradient
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Osmosis
The net movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water potential across a partially permeable membrane down a water potential gradient
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Endocytosis
The movement of molecules which are too large to pass through the membrane into the cell
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Exocytosis
The movement of molecules which are too large to pass through the membrane out of the cell
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Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
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Hydrophobic
Repelled from water
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Fluid mosaic model
The theory of cell membranes having proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
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Glycolipid
Lipid with a carbohydrate chain attached
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Glycoprotein
Protein with a chain of carbohydrates attached
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Plasma membrane
cell surface membrane
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Glycocalyx
All the carbohydrate molecules on the exterior of the cell surface membrane
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Pinocytosis
The uptake of liquid into a cell using vesicles
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Phospholipid
Made up of 2 fatty acids, glycerol and a phosphate group. The phophate group is hydrophilic whilst the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic
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Globular protein
Proteins with compact tertiary structure with hydrophobic amino acids
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Integral membrane protein
A protein that spans the membrane and is anchored by a transmembrane domain
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Peripheral membrane protein
A protein that is associated with a cell's membrane but is not part of its structure
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Transmembrane domain
A hydrophobic region of a transmembrane protein
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Passive transport
The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across a membrane without the use of energy
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Active transport
The movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration across a membrane with the use of energy
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Facilitated diffusion
The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane down a concentration gradient using carrier proteins and channels
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Concentration gradient
A difference in concentration of a substance from one side to another
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Channel protein
A transmembrane protein with a hydrophilic interior that provides an aqueous channel to allow diffusion of ions across a membrane
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Carrier protein
A membrane protein that binds to specific molecules and allows passage across a membrane
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Solvent
The medium in which one or more solutes is dissolved
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Solute
A dissolved molecule in a solution
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Osmotic concentration
The concentration of the dissolved solutes in a solution
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Hypertonic
Higher solute concentration but lower water potential
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Hypotonic
Higher water potential but lower solute concentration
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Isotonic
Where water potential is equal on both sides of a membrane, reaching equilibrium
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Pores
A membrane channel that allows water molecules to pass through the membrane more easily
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Osmotic potential
The potential pressure developed by a solution separated from pure water by a partially permeable membrane. The higher the solute concentration, the higher the osmotic potential
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Turgor pressure
The internal pressure inside a plant cell
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Uniporters
A carrier protein that only transports one type of molecule or ion
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Symporters
A carrier protein that transport s 2 molecules or ions in the same direction
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Antiporters
A carrier protein that transports 2 molecules or ions in opposite directions
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Phagocytosis
Endocytosis of a solid particle
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The net movement of water molecules from a high water potential to a low water potential across a partially permeable membrane down a water potential gradient
Back
Osmosis
Card 3
Front
The movement of molecules which are too large to pass through the membrane into the cell
Back
Card 4
Front
The movement of molecules which are too large to pass through the membrane out of the cell
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