Mitochondrial Structure

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  • Created by: Lotto65
  • Created on: 18-03-17 16:42
What do we mean by adaptation?
That structure and function are closely related in living organisms and structure can change to carry out a function more efficiently
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What is adaptation the result of?
Evolution by natural selection
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What does the outer mitochondrial membrane do?
Separates the contents of the mitochondrion from the rest of the cell, creating a compartment with ideal conditions for aerobic respiration
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What does the matrix contain?
A fluid containing enzymes for the Krebs cycle and link reaction
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What else is present in the matrix other than enzymes?
70S ribosomes and a naked loop of DNA
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What happens in the space between the inner and outer membranes of a mitochondrion?
Protons are pumped in by the electron transport chain
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What is the advantage of the intermembrane space being small?
A high proton concentration can easily be formed (in chemiosmosis)
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What are cristae?
Tubular or shelf-like projections of the inner membrane
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What do the cristae do?
Increase the surface area available for oxidative phosphorylation
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What does the inner mitochondrial membrane contain?
Electron transport chains and ATP synthase
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Name one process that takes place at the inner mitochondrial membrane
Any from: Chemiosmosis, electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation
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How can you obtain 3D images of active mitochondria?
Electron tomography
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What did electron tomography manage to reveal about cristae?
Cristae are connected to the intermembrane space via narrow openings and the shape and volume of cristae change when a mitochondrion is active
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How does natural selection give some organisms an advantage in terms of mitochondria?
If mitochondrial structure varied, organisms with mitochondria that produced ATP most efficiently would have an adavantage
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What sort of advantage would efficient mitochondria structure give living organisms?
Increased chance of survival and produce more offspring
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What type of organelle is a mitochondrion?
A semi-autonomous organelle
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What does semi-autonomous mean?
Can grow and reproduce itself but still relies on the rest of the cell for resources
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What does ribosome DNA do?
Expresses mitochondrial genes
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What can be a stimulus for a sudden change in idea?
The development of new techniques
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Does electron tomography show the outside or inside of a mitochondria?
Inside
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What do we mean by inner mitochondrial membranes being dynamic?
They undergo fission and fusion in response to physiological stimuli and changes in metabolism
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What is the possible reason for the narrow openings of cristae?
To restrict diffusion of proteins and metabolites between compartments
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What is topology?
Membrane shape
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What regulates the topology of the inner membrane?
Specific proteins and lipids
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True/false: The changes in topology of the inner membrane are random
False - they are the result of internal diffusion pathways (allowing more efficient use of ADP)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is adaptation the result of?

Back

Evolution by natural selection

Card 3

Front

What does the outer mitochondrial membrane do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the matrix contain?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What else is present in the matrix other than enzymes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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