MIS Week 8/9

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  • Created by: jmf00632
  • Created on: 09-01-20 10:32
legacy systems
It is an old system that is fast approaching or beyond the end of its useful life within an organisation.
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conversion
process of transferring information from a legacy system to a new system
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software customisation
modifies software to meet specific user or business environment
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off the shelf application software
supports general business processes and does not require any specific software customisation to meet the organisations needs.
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how do we design and implement information systems?
• Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Agile development methods • Web design and implementation
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what are the 5 stages of a system development life cycle?
plannig, design, analysis, implementation, support
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what does the planning phase establish?
This phase establishes a high-level plan and goal of the intended project
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planning - defining systems
Identify and select which system to be developed to support the strategic goals of the organisation
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planning - project scope
It defines the high-level requirements. Usually, it is no longer than a paragraph and helps company avoid ‘scope creep’ and ‘feature creep’
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plannig - scope creep
Occurs when the scope of the project increases beyond its original intentions
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planning - feature creep
Occurs when developers (and end users) add extra features that were not part of the initial requirements - customer driven
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planning - develop the project plan
Project plan defines the what, when and who questions of systems development including all activities to be performed, the individual or resources, who will perform the activities, and the time required to complete each activity.
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analysis (second step of the system development life cycle) what does it involve?
involves end users and IT specialists working together to gather, understand and document the business requirements for the proposed system
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what are 2 primary activities an organisation need to perform during the analysis task:
oGathering the business requirements oPrioritise the requirements
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Analysis – Gathering the business requirements and priotising requirments
everyone must be involved - Business requirements are the detailed set of end-user requests that the system must meet to be successful.
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what are the 3 feasibility studies?
technical feasibility, economic feasibility,
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what happens in the design phase?
In this phase we build a technical blueprint of the proposed system
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design the technical architecture
it defines the hardware, software, etc, required to run the system. Companies explore several different technical architectures before choosing the final technical architecture.
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design the system model
It means a graphical representation of a design (screen, reports, ER diagram)
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Skeuomorphism definition
A style of design in which digital elements resemble real world objects e.g. an iphone home screen
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Input/output devices - 2 examples
• Matching devices with work/task: need fast input, routine input, imprecisely • Matching devices with users: input for the disabled, left-handed, children, elder
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input/output devices - 2 more examples
• Matching devices with environments of use: noise, climate • Colour blind: London tube map
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working memory capacity- memory spam
number of items one can recall immediately after presentation
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working memory capacity - chunking
: group items together as one unit for recall
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what are The design implication of limitation of the working memory
The user cannot be expected to work with more than 7 chunks of info simultaneously. User will ignore other part of the screen to concentrate on certain 7 chunks on the screen
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what happens in the system development phase?
• In this phase we take the document from design phase and transform them into an actual system. • IT specialists are responsible for completing most of the activities in the development phase.
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what is built in the system development phase?
• Build the technical infrastructure • Build the database and programs
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what happens during testing?
perofrm the testing of the system - Each time the actual result is different from the expected result, a ‘bug’ is generated, and the system goes back to development for a ‘bug fix’.
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unit testing
test individual units or pieces of code
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user acceptance testing
determines if the system satisfies the business requirements and enables users to perform their jobs correctly
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system usability testing - usablity
the quality of a user’s experience when interacting with a system (website, software, mobile device, etc.)
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system usability testing - the kiss principle
states that most systems work best if they are kept simple rather than made complicated; therefore, simplicity should be a key goal in design, and unnecessary complexity should be avoided.
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How to measure usability?
o Ease of learning o Efficiency of use o Memorability o Error frequency and severity
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what happens during the system implemetation phase?
During this phase we distribute the system to all the users and they begin using the system to perform their everyday jobs. • Write detailed user documentation • Provide training for the system users
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what is the longest phase of the system lifecyle?
maintenance
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what happens during the maintenance stage?
oPost-implementation debugging (20%) oHardware/software updates (20%) oAdding postponed features • User help
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Alternative system building meathods
oTraditional systems life cycle oAgile oPrototyping oOutsourcing - FYI MAY NEED TO AD DEFINITION CARDS LATER
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advantages of prototyping
oUseful if some uncertainty in requirements or design solutions oOften used for end-user interface design
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disadvtnages of protyping
oMay gloss over essential steps oMay not accommodate large quantities of data or large number of users
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buying a software package - advantages
saves time and money and can customise it
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evaluation criteria for system analysis include...
Functions, flexibility, user friendliness, hardware and software resources, installation and maintenance efforts, documentation, vendor quality and cost.
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outsourcing software involves..
Hire external vendors to design and develop software • Domestic outsourcing • Offshore outsourcing
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advtnages of outsourcing
• Increased quality and efficiency of business processes • Focus on core competencies • Cost saving
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disadvantages of outsourcing
hidden costs, Opening up proprietary business processes to third party - Threat to competitive advantage • Reduces tech know-how
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what hidden costs could there be with outsourcing?
vendor selection, transition costs, layoffs and retention, lost productivity, improving developmnt process, managming the ontract
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key points to learn and consider
• SDLC is the traditional way of developing systems • Usability evaluation • Agile methods – New approach of development • Developing IS in-house vs. Outsourcing
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

conversion

Back

process of transferring information from a legacy system to a new system

Card 3

Front

software customisation

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

off the shelf application software

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

how do we design and implement information systems?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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