Milgram's study of obedience

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What date was Milgram's study?
1963
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What was the main aim of Milgram's study?
To test the idea that Germans were somehow different
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Where did Milgram conduct his study?
Yale university
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What was Milgrams sampling method?
Self Selected
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How much did Milgram pay his pps?
$4.50
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What did Milgram tell his pps the purpose of the study was?
To test human learning
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What was the make up of the sample?
40 white men
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What was the role of the learner?
They had to memorise word lists and recall them, they received the electric shocs
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How did Milgram try to convince his pps that the electric shocks were real?
He gave them a real 45 volt shock
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Who was the learner?
A confederate to Milgram
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How did the pps partake in the experiment?
One by one
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What did the pps think the confederate was?
Another participant
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How was who would take the role of learner decided?
The participant and the confederate drew rigged lots
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What was the role of the teacher?
They had to teach word lists to the learner and if they got it wrong, administer electric shocks to them
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Did the pps see the confederate (learner) being strapped into the electric chair?
Yes
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How did Milgram describe the electric shocks to the pps?
That they were painful but would cause no permanent tissue damage
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What would happen when the learner got an answer wrong?
The voltage would be increased by 15 volts and they would be electrocuted
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Give an example of a word pair used in Milgrams study
Blue-Boxeeee
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Describe how questions were asked of pps
The pps were listed word pairs such as blue-sky and then after, the first word was read to them, followed by a list of possible corresponding words. They then had to press a button to give a correct answer
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How did the learner perform at first?
Well, he gave few incorrect responses up to 75 volts
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What did the learner start doing at around 75 volts?
Grunting
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What did the learner do at 120 volts?
Informed the experimenter that the shocks were getting increasingly painful
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Why did the pps all have the same experience?
Because Milgram and his confederate worked to a script
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What did the participant do at 150 volts?
Said that the shocks were painful and that he did not want to continue
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What happened at 270 volts?
The learner started to scream with agony
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What happened by 450 volts?
The learner was unresponsive
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Even though the learner was now unresponsive, what were the pps asked to do?
Continue with the shocks
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What did the experimenter do if he thought a participant was going to create opposition?
Used verbal prods
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What was the first verbal prod?
Please continue
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What was the second verbal prod?
The experiment requires that you continue
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What was the third verbal prod?
It is absolutely essential that you continue
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What was the fourth verbal prod?
You have no other choice, you must go on
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What happened after all 4 prods had been used?
The experiment was stopped
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What percentage of the pps did Milgram's students think would continue to the end?
2% or 3%
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How many pps stopped the study before 450 volts?
14
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What percentage of pps continued to 300 volts?
100%
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What percentage of pps obeyed to 450 volts?
65%
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What would the fact that the study took place at Yale University have to do with obedience according to Milgram?
The pps would have thought that such a prestigious university would not have allowed something unethical to occur
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What did Milgram think about the perceived cause of the study in relation to the high levels of obedience?
That the cause seemed legitamate and so this could be a possible reason why the levels of obedience were so high
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The pps thought that the victim was willing to take part and that his position was down to chance so..
This lead to higher levels of obedience
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The pps were paid and so this could have lead to..
A feeling of obligation to continue and thus higher obedience
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Had the pps ever been in this situation and what could have this caused?
No and so they may be more obedient as they didn't know what else to do
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Was the study well controlled?
Yes
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Give an example of a control in Milgram's study
Milgram and his confederate worked to a script
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Is Milgram's study valid and why?
Yes because it was well controlled
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Is this study replicable?
Yes in some ways but no for ethical reasons
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Did Milgram debrief his pps?
Yes
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How did Milgram debrief his pps?
He introduced them to his confederate, explained the study and checked their well being
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Did pps have the right to withdraw?
In theory
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Did Milgram gain informed consent?
Yes
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What undermined this informed consent?
The fact that Milgram deceived pps so they didn't in fact agree to what they were going to do
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Did Milgram deceive his pps?
Yes
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In one of his variations, what did Milgram do to try to stop the context effects of Yale?
He changed the conntext to being held in an office
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In one of his variations, what did Milgram do to stop the experimenter causing participant effects?
Took him out of the room and used a telephone to keep in touch
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What was Milgrams third variation?
To put two disobedient confederates in the room with pps
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What happened to the levels of obedience in all of the studies?
They were decreased
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When there was two rebelling confederates, what was the percentage obedience levels?
10%
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What voltage did the first rebelling teacher stop at?
150 volts
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What voltage did the second rebelling teacher stop at?
210 volts
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Which variation had the least effect on obedience?
When the envirnoment was changed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was the main aim of Milgram's study?

Back

To test the idea that Germans were somehow different

Card 3

Front

Where did Milgram conduct his study?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was Milgrams sampling method?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How much did Milgram pay his pps?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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