Milgram - Core study - AS

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What was the background of the study? 2 marks
Of Jewish decent - Wanted to know why the Nazi soldiers did what they did. One key feature of the Nazi atrocities was the extent to which people displayed destructive obedience.
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What was the aim of Milgram's study?
To investigate the tendency for destructive obedience
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Describe the sample (2 marks)
40 male volunteers from aged 20-50 from New haven.
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What's one problem with generalising with this sample? (2marks)
Its ethnocentric and only male participants
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What was the design?
Independent measures
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Describe two ways in which participants in this study were deceived. [4] (June 2014)
Confederate learner was actually working with milgram, the shocks, aim of the study
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Explain why many participants displayed signs of severe stress and emotional strain. (4) (June 2013)
1) Banging on walls and silence - dead? 2) Didn't feel like they could withdraw
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Outline two features of Milgram’s study of obedience which made it seem real to participants. (4) (Jan 2011)
1)Given a 45V shcok to demonstrate that the shocks were real but could be extremely painful 2)Where the study took place - Yale university
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Describe how obedience was measured. [2]
Operationalised as the maximum voltage given in response to orders - 65% full 450V=obedient
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Suggest one problem with measuring obedience in this way. [2] (Jan 2010)
because the task lacked ecological validity (one doesn’t normally punish someone with an electric shock because an authority figure demands it) so one cannot say the results reflect what would happen in a real-life situation
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Outline to quantitative findings from this study. (4 marks)
a) 100% gave 300V b) 65% gave full 450V
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Outline two qualitative findings from this study. [4] (June 2012)
a) Most ppts showed signs of tension during the procedure inl. sweating,biting lips and stuttering b)Most participants protested against the procedure althoigh verbal prods in most cases sufficient to get them to continue
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On average how many pschology students said they would give the full 450V?
1.2%
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(b) Outline two explanation Milgram gave for his findings. [4] (June 2010)
a) respectable env of a top uni - Yale b)The learner appears to have volunteered and so has an obligation to the experimenter
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What two conclusions did Milgram draw?
a) People much more obedient to destructive orders than we expect, considerably more than estimates. b) People find the experience of receiving and obeying destructive orders stressful. Obey inspite of emotional response
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Ethical considerations?
Deceived - shocks, purpose, confederate, distress and health risks, effectively denied the right to withdrawl
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Validity?
lab - realism lacking - env. lab and electric-shock task = low ecological validity
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Reliability?(consistency)
Easy to replicate and has been
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Sampling bias?
All male, same region of USA= hard to generalise (ethnocentric)
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Practical applications?
Understand circumstances that people obey destructive orders = better understanding of atrocities. b) Influenced by Milgram's research, Tarnow found 25% of crashes of 37 planes were a result of the pilot obeying orders from the ground.
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How does link to the area of psychology?
Because the results show how pressure from another person can lead to people to administer potentially fatal electric shocks to someone and how they can be led to do this in spite of their evident discomfort - link to assumptions
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How does it relate to its key theme?
Response to people in authority - lab coat experimenter give verbal prods to administer shocks
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was the aim of Milgram's study?

Back

To investigate the tendency for destructive obedience

Card 3

Front

Describe the sample (2 marks)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What's one problem with generalising with this sample? (2marks)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the design?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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