Milestones and Characteristics (Neonatal)

Describe the general development of gross motor skills

Muscular development from head to toe; strength and coordination from proximal to distal; motor responses from general to specific

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When does gross motor skills development start?

From the prenatal stage: intrauterine vestibular and tactile input

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Describe the gross motor skills milestones of a neonate at 1 month

lift head when held against chest, sags when not supported; little movement of limbs

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What is the predominating reflex at neonate's one month?

Tonic neck prone; arms and legs moving around

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Describe the neonate's fine motor skills

hands fisted, hands move randomly, brings hand to mouth, sucks hand

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What is the predominant fine motor skill reflex of the neonate?

Grasping reflex

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How does the neonate react to tactile sensory integration?

Establishes primary attachment relationship to caregiver; fosters feelings of security

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How does the neonate observe proprioception?

molds into the caregiver's body in a cuddling manner

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Describe the vestibular sensory integration of the neonate

neonate's detects change in position of caregiver through pull of gravity via proprioceptive system; stimulates neck muscles to move head off caregiver's shoulder

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How does sensory motor skill affect the neonate?

Neonate can interpret body sensations and respond reflexively; enjoys physical contact and tactile stimulation; exhibits ability to extinguish sensory information

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How does the sensory motor skill help in taking in environment after birth?

Awake state: period of quietness to take in parents; Sleep state: deep sleep; nREM

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What is least developed in the neonate? Why?

Visual perception; eyes are of no use in the uterus

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How is the neonate's vision clarity measured?

Measured by visual acuity (the smallest pattern the neonate can see)

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What colors are neonates most likely to see? least likely to see?

Middle wavelength colors (green, yello); short and long wavelength colors (red, orange; blue, violet)

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Describe the concept of perceptual constancy in the neonate

Neonates are able to perceive an object's constant size early on

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How does face recognition work for the neonate?

Neonates have innate ability to recognize faces; prefer to look at more attractive faces than less attractive; "attractiveness" is based on prototype faces it has encountered

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How do neonates express themselves?

By sounds and facial expressions

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What is crying and smiling considered as instead of as an emotional response?

reflexive reaction

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How do neonates develop emotions?

Emotions develop as parents or caregivers interact with the neonate

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What stage in Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Stages does the neonate go through?

Trust vs. Mistrust

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How does a neonate look?

Neonates watch objects 12-15inches away from them, especially if it is moving from one field of their vision to another

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What are some cognition milestones the neonate goes through

constantly looking around, following moving lights with their eyes, looking at a person briefly, investigate own hands and feet

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What are some cognition characteristics for the neonate in terms of tasting and smell?

can distinguish tastes, prefer sweet liquids, expect food at certain times, recoil from unpleasant smells

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What is a cognition characteristic the neonate displays in terms of touching

quietens when touched

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What does the neonate do as a cognition response and milestone in terms of hearing

quietens when voice is heard, startle at loud sounds, turns to the direction of sounds, distinguishes sounds

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What are some moving cognition milestones?

quietens as a response to touch, stops sucking when distracted, sleeps to avoid disturbing stimuli

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What is the strongest reflex action for a neonate?

Sucking

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How does the neonate respond to the environment?

By using reflexes

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What is the first stage of neonate communication?

Cooing and babbling; gurgle like sounds with the use of velum

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What does the occupational pattern of self-help/adl aim for in the neonate?

independence: mastery of body and environment

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What is the main occupational aim for neonates?

Survival and nourishment

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What occupational pattern (self-help/adl) does the neonate do in order to survive and get nourishment?

sucks and swallows

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Describe the occupational pattern of toileting for the neonate

involuntary control, awareness of discomfort

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How does the neonate perform the occupational pattern of grooming and hygiene?

prone with proper handling from caregiver; uses toothette for gums

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Where does independence come from for the neonate?

Basic trust and mistrust, driven by hope, between parent and child

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What is the importance for the occupational pattern of play for the neonate?

Main avenue or way for neonate to learn how to move, communicate, socialize, and understand their environment

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What is the first thing the neonate learns through play in the first month

the neonate learns to interact, associate feel of touch, voice, face, and getting needs met

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How does an neonate respond to voice during play?

by looking alert and becoming less active, will try to look for source of sound or voice

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How does the neonate become familiar with comfort, nourishment and warmth through play?

by playing with the neonate while smiling and talking to the infant

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What is the main theme of neonatal occupational patterns in social participation?

Trust vs. Mistrust

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In the occupational patterns in social participation of a neonate, what is the theme of infant attachment and its importance?

Security vs. insecurity; for sense of security

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What are neonates receptive to for social participation?

caring, caressing, low voices; hearing has a role in attachment

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What are cultural variables that affect the Filipino child's development?

feeding practices, attentiveness of parents, co-sleeping practices

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What are the social variables that affect the Filipino child's development?

Basic trust relationship (parent-child bonding), progressions of physical touch, roles of father and mother in the house,

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Milestones and Characteristics (Neonatal)

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