methods: cognitive psychology

?
common features of all experiments:
- all have an IV and DV
-all control extraneous variables
-IV is changed to see the effect onDV
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THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD:
THEORY PROPOSED
I
HYPOTHESIS MADE BASED ON THEORY
I
IV MANIPULATED
I
PERFORMANCE MEASURED
I
THEORY SUPPORTED OR REFUTED
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what is an experimental hypothesis?
-statement of what is affected
-an alternate hypothesis
-directional or non-directional
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what is a null hypothesis?
states any difference is due to chance
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what is the independent variable?
the variable that is changed
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what is the dependent variable?
the variable that is measured
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what is an extraneous variable?
a variable that may have affected the dv that isn't the IV
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what is a confounding variable?
a variable that affects findings of a study directly.
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what is a situational variable?
an extraneous variable found in the environment
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what is a participant variable?
different characteristics on participants that may affect results e.g. motivation
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what is participant deisgn?
how the participants are distributed between the experimental conditions
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what is repeated measures design?
same participants used in all conditions
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what is independent groups design?
only one experimental condition is tested on a group of participants
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what is matched pairs design?
all participants are matched on quality or characteristics.
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what are order effects?
occurs when repeated measure design is used
there are two types:
practice effect
fatigue effect
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what is practice effect ?
participants may become practiced at the test and improve their performance
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what is fatigue effect?
participants may become tired or bored, therefore deteriorating their performance
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how can order effects be reduced?
counterbalancing-ensures each condition is tested 1st or 2nd in equal amounts
randomising- each participant assigned a condition
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how can bias be avoided?
-controlling experimenter effects
-minimising demand characteristics
-standardisation
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what is a lab experiment?
-takes place in controlled setting where IV is manipulated and DV is measured
-has control and experimental group
-artificial setting may affect behaviour
-precise control of extraneous variables and IV
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what is a field experiment?
-natural setting
-same features as lab experiment
-less control over extraneous variables
-less demand characteristics
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

THEORY PROPOSED
I
HYPOTHESIS MADE BASED ON THEORY
I
IV MANIPULATED
I
PERFORMANCE MEASURED
I
THEORY SUPPORTED OR REFUTED

Back

THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD:

Card 3

Front

-statement of what is affected
-an alternate hypothesis
-directional or non-directional

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

states any difference is due to chance

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

the variable that is changed

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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