Meta-ethics key words and people 0.0 / 5 ? Religious StudiesEthicsA2/A-levelOCR Created by: theblazingoptimistCreated on: 26-08-16 09:42 Normativism Rules used to make ethical decisions, e.g utilitarianism, natural law 1 of 29 Naturalistic fallacy Good cannot be defined. 2 of 29 Ethical cognitivism Moral statements are objectively true or false. 3 of 29 Ethical non-cognitivism Moral statements can't be proved to be true or false 4 of 29 Emotivism Moral statements are expressions of feelings 5 of 29 Give one strength of emotivism Everyone's opinions are equally valid, doesn't allow cultural relativism 6 of 29 Give one criticism of emotivism Ethical statements = meaningless. CL = why should one person's views matter more? Allows people free reign. Rachels - moral judgements arbitrary. 7 of 29 A.J Ayer Ethical terms "arouse feeling, stimulate action". Analytic + synthetic statements meaningful, ehtical ones not. 8 of 29 C.L Stevenson Ethical statements = attitudes based on world beliefs, trying to infl. othes 9 of 29 Intuitionism We know moral truths intuitively, allowing us to make ethical decisions 10 of 29 Give one strength of intuitionism Appeals to human nature, simple, allows instant answers to issues 11 of 29 Give one criticism of intutionism. EMOTIONS give us intuition; different people = different intuitions. 12 of 29 H.A Pritchard Intuition + reason = two types of thinking, former looks, latter decides. Intuiton underdeveloped in some. Can't define "ought" obligations 13 of 29 W.D Ross Certain "prima facie" duties always right - FRGJBM. Must judge what's right, one duty can be rejected for another. 14 of 29 Give one criticism of W.D Ross How do we know which duty to pick when one conflicts? 15 of 29 Prescriptivism Moral statements are universal 16 of 29 Give one criticism of prescriptivism No valid reason for following a certain prescription; different preferences; "ought" judgements ARE obj. 17 of 29 Give one strength of prescriptivism Logical - we often prescribe courses of acion when making moral judgements 18 of 29 R.M Hare Ethical statements are universal expressions of opinion, prescribed to others 19 of 29 Subjectivism Each person's views are relative to them and can't be judged due to this 20 of 29 Realism Moral statements are facts about objective features of the world. 21 of 29 Anti-realism The denial of an objective reality 22 of 29 Objectivism Truth is objectively real regardless of culture. 23 of 29 G.E Moore Argued against ethical naturalism, saying that "good" can't be a natural property 24 of 29 F.H Bradley Moral statements express propositions; some of which are proven true by obj. features of world 25 of 29 Ethical naturalism Good and bad are observable qualities. Can be reduced to non-ethical properties – e.g wants, needs. 26 of 29 Give one strength of ethical naturalism Moral properties are part of the world 27 of 29 Ethical non-naturalism Ethical statements express propositions that cannot be reduced to non-ethical properties. No way to define good/bad. 28 of 29 Is-ought gap Hume; can't make logical move from fact to opinion 29 of 29
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