Who created the original multistore model of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
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What are some assumptions of the multistore model?
It is a structural model; consists of 3 separate stores (SR, STM and LTM); info passes through in a linear way; STM and LTM are unitary stores
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What is the capacity of the sensory register?
Difficult to measure as the duration is so short
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What is the duration of the sensory register and who researched this?
Retains information long enough for us to process it (2 seconds) - Sperling (1960)
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How is the sensory register coded?
Modality-specific; there is a sensory register for each sense
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What is the capacity of STM and who researched this?
7+/-2 items - Miller (1956)
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What is the duration of STM and who researched this?
Around 20 seconds or less, may be up to 30 seconds - Peterson and Peterson (1959)
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How is STIM encoded and who researched this?
Acoustic - Baddeley (1956)
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What is the capacity of LTM?
Unlimited
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What is the duration of LTM and who researched this?
Thought to be a lifetime - Bahrick (1975)
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How it LTM coded and who researched this?
Semantic - Baddeley (1966)
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Who was one of the first cognitive psychologists to suggest that there are different types of LTM?
Endel Tulving (1985)
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Who created the working memory model and when did they update it?
First created by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974 and updated in 2004
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What are the four parts of the working memory model?
The central executive, the phonological loop, the episodic buffer and the visuo-spatial sketchpad
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What are the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad also known as?
The inner ear and inner eye
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Why was the cognitive interview introduced?
Ronald Fisher and Edward Geiselman (1992) argued that eyewitness testimony could be improved if techniques based on psychological insights were used
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What are the two types of interference?
Proactive interference and retroactive interference
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What are the two types of 'something'-dependent forgetting?
Context-dependent and state-dependent forgetting
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Which two factors can affect eyewitness testimony?
Misleading information and anxiety
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What are two symptoms/indications of anxiety?
Feeling tension and increased heart rate
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What are the four techniques used in eyewitness testimony?
Report everything, context reinstatement, recall from a changed perspective and recall in reverse order
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What are some additional elements of the enhanced cognitive interview?
Establishing and relinquishing eye contact, reducing eyewitness anxiety, minimising distractions, getting the witness to speak slowly and asking open-ended questions
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are some assumptions of the multistore model?
Back
It is a structural model; consists of 3 separate stores (SR, STM and LTM); info passes through in a linear way; STM and LTM are unitary stores
Card 3
Front
What is the capacity of the sensory register?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the duration of the sensory register and who researched this?
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