Memory lymphocytes and immunisation

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  • Created by: emj790
  • Created on: 27-03-17 19:05
What is the response time when a pathogen enters the body for the first time?
Slow
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Why?
Because there aren't as many B-lymphocytes that can make the antibody needed to lock on to the antigen
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What will happen eventually?
The body will produce enough of the right antibody to overcome the infection
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What will happen meanwhile?
The infected person will show symptoms of the disease
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What are also produced in response to a foreign antigen?
Memory lymphocytes
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What do memory lymphocytes do?
They "remember" a specific antigen
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How long do they remain in the body?
A long time
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What is that person now?
Immune
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What does this mean for the person?
Their immune system has the ability to respond quickly to a second infection
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What will happen if the same pathogen enters the body again?
There are more cells that will recognise it and produce antibodies against it
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Compared to the first immune response, what is the secondary immune response?
Faster and stronger
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What does the secondary immune response often do?
Gets rid of the pathogen before you begin to show any symptoms.
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What does immunisation do?
Stop you getting infections
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What can you do to avoid getting ill?
You can be immunised against some diseases
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What does immunisation usually involve?
Injecting dead or inactive pathogens into the body
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What do they still carry?
Antigens
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This makes the pathogens what? (specific term)
Antigenic
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What does having these antigens mean?
That even though the pathogens are harmless your body makes antibodies to help destroy them
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What can the antigens also trigger?
Memory Lymphocytes to be made
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So what happens if live pathogens get into the body?
There will already be memory lymphocytes that can cause a fast secondary immune response
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What does this mean (if it fast)?
That you are less likely to get the disease
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Name 2 pros of immunisation
Less chance of a big outbreak of disease, some diseases will be virtually wiped out
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Name two cons of immunisation
Sometimes it doesn't work, sometimes you can have a bad reaction to it
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What are big outbreaks of diseases called?
Epidemics
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Why is there less of a chance of an epidemic?
More people would be immunised, even those who aren't immunised are unlikely to catch it because there are less people spreading it
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What is this also known as?
"Herd immunity"
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What could happen if a significant number of people aren't immunised?
The disease can spread quickly through them and lots of people will be ill at the same time
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Give three examples of bad reactions to a vaccine
e.g. swelling, or maybe something more serious like a fever or seizures
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Why is the secondary immune response to a pathogen much faster than the first response?
Memory lymphocytes are produced in response to a foreign antigen and remain in the body for a long time [1 mark]. So when the pathogen enters the body again, there are more cells that recognise it and can produce antibodies against it [1 mark].
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But bad reactions are ...?
Very rare
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why?

Back

Because there aren't as many B-lymphocytes that can make the antibody needed to lock on to the antigen

Card 3

Front

What will happen eventually?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What will happen meanwhile?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are also produced in response to a foreign antigen?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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