Memory key terms

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Coding
Format in which information is stored in the various memory stores
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Capacity
Amount of information that can be held in a memory store
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Duration
Length of time information can be held in memory
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STM
Limited capacity memory store. coding is mainly acoustic. 5-9 items and duration is 18-30 seconds
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LTM
Permanent memory store semantic coding and unlimited capacity - store memories for a lifetime
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Multi-store model
Representation of how merry works in terms of 3 stores. sensory STM and LTM. Also describes how information is transferred from one store to another and how its remembered/forgotten
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Sensory register
Memory stores for each of our senses, like vision (iconic store) and hearing (echoic store) capacity of sensory is huge and info lasts for less than half a sec
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Episodic memory
Long term memory store for personal events. memories if when events occurred and of the people, objects, places and behaviours involved. must be retrieved consciously and with effort
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Semantic memory
LTM store for our knowledge of the world, includes facts and our knowledge of what words and concepts mean. must be recalled deliberately
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Procedural memory
LTM store for our knowledge of how to do things like memories of learned skills. recalled without conscious effort
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working memory model
a representation of STM which suggests that STM is a dynamic processor of different types of information using sub units coordinated by a central decision making system
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Central executive
component of the WMM that co-ordinates the activities of the 3 subsystems in memory. also allocates processing resources to those activities
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Phonological loop
component of the WMM that process information information in terms of sound. this includes both written and spoken material. divided into the phonological store and the articulatory process
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visuo-spatial sketchpad
component of the WMM that processes visual and spatial information in a mental space often called our 'inner eye'
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Episodic buffer
brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than operate strands. also provides a bridge between working memory and long term memory
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Interference
Forgetting because one memory blocks another, causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten
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Proactive interference PI
Forgetting occurs when older memories, already stored, disrupt the recall of newer memories. The degree of forgetting is greater when the memories are similar
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Retroactive interference RI
Forgetting occurs when newer memories disrupt the recall of older memories already stored. degree of forgetting greater when memories are similar
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Retrieval failure
A form of forgetting. occurs when we don't have the necessary cues to access unless a suitable cue is provided
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Cue
'Trigger' of info that allows us to access a memory. such cues may be meaningful or may be indirectly linked linked by encoded at the time of learning. e.g. cues can be external (environmental context)
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Eyewitness testimony
The ability of people to remember the details of events, such as accidents and crimes, which can be observed. accuracy of EWT can be affected by factors such as misleading info, leading qu and anxiety
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Leading question
a question which because of the way it is phrased, suggests a certain answer
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Post event discussion PED
Occurs when there is more than one witness to an event. witnesses may discuss what they have seen with co-witnesses or with other people.may influence the accuracy of each witnesses recall of the event
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Anxiety
State of emotional and physical arousal. The emotions include having worried thoughts and feelings of tension, Physical changes include an increased heart rate and sweatiness. Normal reaction to a stressful situations, can affect accuracy and detail
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Cognitive Interview CI
Method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories. Uses 4 main techniques: well-established psychological knowledge of human memory, report everything, reinstate the context, reverse the order and change perspective
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Amount of information that can be held in a memory store

Back

Capacity

Card 3

Front

Length of time information can be held in memory

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Limited capacity memory store. coding is mainly acoustic. 5-9 items and duration is 18-30 seconds

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Permanent memory store semantic coding and unlimited capacity - store memories for a lifetime

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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