Memory: Definitions, Theories and Studies

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Describe the Multi-store Model
External stimulus-> Sensory Register-> STM-> Maintenance Rehearsal-> Prolonged Rehearsal-> LTM-> Retrieval.
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What is the Sensory Register? Describe it.
Stimulus passes into Register (sights,smells,sounds,touch) and is stored. The two main stores consist of the Iconic (where visual info is coded) & Echoic (acoustically coded info) memory. The duration is less than a second but with a high capacity.
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Describe STM as a part of the MSM and Its supporting Research.
Coding: Acoustic*Baddely*. Capacity: 5-9 pieces*Jacob's Digit Span* (7+/-2*Miller*). Duration
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Describe LTM as a part of the MSM.
Coding: Semantic*Baddely*. Capacity: potentially unlimited*. Duration: potentially unlimited*. *Bahrick- HighSchool Pics*
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Name and describe the 3 types of LTM.
Episodic- (personal) episodes/events recalled by triggers consciously. Semantic- conscious adding knowledge of world(deliberately recalled). Procedural- unconscious recall of how we do things, task becoming harder when having to explain.
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Case Studies of HM, KF & Clive Wearing & the MSM
CW+HM- episodic impaired (semantic mostly unaffected). CW- procedural unaffected & HM could learn new things without remembering. KF= short term memory loss, unable to make STM with echoic coding*diff strores* HM*importance of repeat+STtheories.
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Describe WMM
CE-monitors&decides allocations. EB- Baddeley, temp store,4chunks. Visuo-spatial sketchpad(VisualCache,3-4objects&InnerScribe-arrangeObjectsInField). Phonological loop(PS-words heard)(Articulatory process-allowMR, 2secs capacity)
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Evaluation of MSM
ClinicEvidence:NoVariableControl, No2CasesSame, HelpsSeeHowMemoWorksNormally. BrainScans: Episodic/Sematic Prefrontal Cortex, SupportingResearch. RealLifeApplications:Belleville TrainedMildCogniImpairedParticipants= BetterResults-EpisodicTreatments
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Evaluation of WMM
ClinicEvidence:KF PhonologicalLoopDamaged -Verbal+Visual Supports2Visual/Acoustic. DualTask: 2+Tasks=WorsePerformance= seperate visuo-spatial sketchpad. Baddeley- difficult to do 2 visual then visual+verbal bc of competing for same slave drive.
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Central Executive as a weakness of the WMM?
Lacks clarity over it. Cognitive Psychologist think it is unsatisfactory and doesn't explain anything. Baddeley said it is the most important and yet least understood. Possibility that it has separate components=WMM not fullly explained.
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What are the two types of interference?
Proactive Interference: old memory interferes with a new one. Retroactive: new memory interferes with an old one.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the Sensory Register? Describe it.

Back

Stimulus passes into Register (sights,smells,sounds,touch) and is stored. The two main stores consist of the Iconic (where visual info is coded) & Echoic (acoustically coded info) memory. The duration is less than a second but with a high capacity.

Card 3

Front

Describe STM as a part of the MSM and Its supporting Research.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe LTM as a part of the MSM.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name and describe the 3 types of LTM.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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