Memory, cognitive quiz

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  • Created by: L.eve
  • Created on: 13-12-20 22:29
Describe the main features of the multi-store model
There are 3 main stores, the sensory store, STM store and LTM store, firstly info is encoded, then stored and then retrieved in the LTM.
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Who proposed the multi-store model?
Atkinson & Shiffrin 1968
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Describe the features of sensory memory
If we attend to a stimulus its encoded, short duration until transferred to STM.
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What study looked at sensory memory?
Sperling - flashed up letters very quickly to see how many they could recall average was 4 or 5 out of 9
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How long can info be stored in iconic memory for?
About 500 milliseconds (Sperling)
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What is iconic memory?
Visual store & it is preattentive
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How long can info be held in echoic memory?
A few seconds (Loannides 2003 looked at this)
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What is echoic memory?
Auditory store
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Describe the main features of STM
Usually stores sound/visual-based info, limited capacity (Digit-span, 7+/-2, Miller 1956), it's fragile (Brown & Peterson).
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What are the strengths of the multi-store model?
It is widely accepted, there is strong support eg from brain-damaged patients (KF).
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What are the limitations of the multi-store model?
Oversimplified, assumed that STM & LTM operate in a uniform way, assumed that STM is a gateway which is not true.
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Describe the main features of the working memory model
There are 4 components: central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad & episodic buffer.
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What is dysexecutive syndrome?
A condition in which damage to the frontal lobes causes impairments to the central executive component.
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What is episodic, semantic & procedural memory?
memory of events, factual info, things to do in the future (go to dentist).
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What is crystallised intelligence?
The ability to use knowledge, skills & experience.
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What is the stroop effect?
We activate the meaning of words (1935).
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What is the tip of the tongue state?
This is where you can describe some info like the beginning letter of the word (Brown & McNeil, 1966).
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What is explicit & implicit memory?
Conscious recollection vs unconscious recollection.
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Why is LTM not accurate?
Because we fill in gaps with what we expect to happen, known as confirmation bias.
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Describe the cognitive interview
EW reports everything, recreate the context, report from different perspectives.
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What are flashbulb memories?
Vivid & detailed memories of dramatic events eg 9/11 (Brown & Kulik).
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Describe the proximity effect
Amygdala activated when remembering flashbulb memories, brain activity was related to how close participants were to the original event.
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What is hyperthymestic syndrome?
An exceptional ability to remember the events of one's own life.
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Card 2

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Who proposed the multi-store model?

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Atkinson & Shiffrin 1968

Card 3

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Describe the features of sensory memory

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Card 4

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What study looked at sensory memory?

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Card 5

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How long can info be stored in iconic memory for?

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