Memory gets better with learning, learning obeys law of diminishing returns, acquiring a new behaviour has a learning curve
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The protein increased when rabbit creates a memory of blinking
Purkinje cells in lobule HV1
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Rescorla wagner equation
V (amount learned) = α β ( what happens - what you expect)
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How to we calculate the amount of surprise?
What happens - What we expect
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What does a high prediction error insinuate?
We were very surprised so we will learn
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What type of memory process is evidence for the R-W rule?
Blocking
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What is associative blocking?
Forgetting due to stronger memory competitors blocking the target memory. Tip of tongue state experience is due to this.
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What did Hollerman and Schultz (1988) study prove?
That VTA dopaminergic neurons are stimulated by initial surprise, and then anticipatory activity is seen with associated stimuli (Juice and picture)
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What did Gilbert and Thach (1977) prove?
Activity in the cerebellum increases as monkeys learn a handle position task, but less so once the task is learnt (showing prediction error signals)
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What did Hollerman and Schultz (1988) find prediction errors in?
The VTA of monkeys in the nuclei within the basal ganglia
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Describe the effect early learning has on the dopaminergic neurons in the VTA
There is a very strong prediction error signal associated with surprise signified by increased neuronal activity in these areas during learning
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How does the R-W rule account for learning
It believes learning involves a high prediction error, due to large surprise of encountered information which results in learning. Learning will occur if what happens on the trial does not match expectation
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Describe how blocking is a cause of forgetting
An already established CS blocks a new NS when presented together from being associated to a US. This is because the US is already fully predicted by the CS
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The protein increased when rabbit creates a memory of blinking
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