Memory

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Sensory Register
Temporarily stores information from our senses, it's constantly receiving information from around us. Unless we pay attention to it it disappears quickly through spontaneous decay. The sensory register has a limited capacity and a very limited duration. I
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Short- Term Memory
It has a limited capacity and a limited duration . Coding is usually acoustic.
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Long-Term Memory
It has an unlimited capacity and is theoretically permanent. Coding is usually semantic
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Types of long-term memory
Episodic, semantic, procedural
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Episodic Memory
Stores information about events that you've actually experienced. It can contain information about time and place, emotions and the details of what happened. These memories can be consciously recalled.
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Semantic Memory
Stores facts and knowledge that we have learnt and consciously recall such as meaning of words. It does not contain information of the time and place the information was learnt.
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Procedural Memory
Stores the knowledge of how to do things such as walking, swimming or playing the piano. This information cannot be consciously recalled.
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Sperling Sensory register experiment: Procedure
In a laboratory experiment participants were shown a grid with three rows of four letters for 0.05 seconds. They then had to immediately recall either the whole grid or a randomly chosen row indicated by a tone played after the grid was shown.
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Sperling Sensory register experiment: Results
When participants had to recall the whole grid they only managed to recall 4 or 5 letters on average. When a particular row was selected participants could recall an average of three items no matter which row had been selected. As the participants did not
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Sperling Sensory register experiment: Evaluation
It was a lab study which means it was highly scientific. The variables were controlled so it can easily be replicated. However, the artificial setting of the study means it lacks ecological validity- people so not usually have to recall letters in respons
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Peterson and Peterson STM study: Method
Participants were shown three random consonants and asked to recall them after 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 seconds. During the pause they were asked to count backwards in threes from a given number prevent them from repeating the letters internally.
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Peterson and Peterson STM study: Findings
After 3 seconds participants could recall about 80% of trigrams correctly. After 18 seconds only about 10% were recalled correctly. This shows that when rehearsal is prevented very littler can stay in the STM for longer than 18 seconds.
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Peterson and Peterson STM study: Evaluation
Results are likely reliable because it is a lab experiment where the variables can be tightly controlled. However, the method used is artificial so the study lacks ecological validity. Meaningful or real-life memories may last longer in STM. Only one type
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Bahrick et al LTM study: Method
392 people were asked to list the names of their ex-classmates. They were then shown photos and asked to recall the names of the people shown or given names and asked to match them to a photo of the classmate.
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Bahrick et al LTM study: Findings
Within 15 years of leaving school participants could recognise about 90% of names and faces. They were about 60 % accurate on free recall. After 30 years, free recall had declined to about 30% . After 48 years, name recognition was about 80% and photo-rec
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Bahrick et al LTM study: Evaluation
It was a field information and so had high-ecological validity. However, in a real life study like this it is hard to control all the variables, making these findings less reliable as there is no way of knowing exactly why info was recalled well. It showe
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Jacobs STM capacity experiment: method
Participants were presented with a string of letters or digits. They had to repeat them back in the same order. The number of digits increased until participants failed to recall the sequence correctly
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Jacobs STM capacity experiment: findings
The majority of the time participants recalled 9 digits and about 7 letters . This capacity increased with age during childhood. Based on the range of results it has been concluded that the STM has a limited storage capacity of 5-9 items. Individual diffe
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Jacobs STM capacity experiment: Evaluation
Jacob's research is artificial and lacks ecological validity, it is not something that would be done in real life. Meaningful information may be recalled perhaps showing STM has an even greater capacity. The previous sequences recalled by the participants
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

It has a limited capacity and a limited duration . Coding is usually acoustic.

Back

Short- Term Memory

Card 3

Front

It has an unlimited capacity and is theoretically permanent. Coding is usually semantic

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Episodic, semantic, procedural

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Stores information about events that you've actually experienced. It can contain information about time and place, emotions and the details of what happened. These memories can be consciously recalled.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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