Memory

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  • Created by: betrhend
  • Created on: 21-11-18 11:21
Active processing
A process in which learners act on instructional inputs
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Anxiety
An emotion characterised by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes
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Articulatory process
Part of the phonological loop that repeats sounds or words 'inner voice' to keep them in working memory until they are needed
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Attention
Selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of info
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Capacity
The amount of information that can be held in memory
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Central executive
Part of working memory that controls the attention process
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Chunking
Grouping individual information into larger units to improve memorisation
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Coding
The transformation of information into a form understandable by the brain
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Cognitive interview
Interview technique devised to improve the accuracy of witness recall using 4 retrievals
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Context-dependent failure
Failure to recall information without context- cues (location)
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Cue-dependent forgetting
Failure to recall information without memory cues
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Duration
The length of time information remains in memory
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Episodic buffer
Part of working memory acting as a back-up store which also communicates with the LTM an d other WM components
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Episodic memory
Long-term memory of specific experiences and events in our lives
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Eyewitness testimony
An account given by people of an event they have witnessed
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Forgetting
Failure to retrieve memories
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Inner scribe
Stores information about the physical relationship of items (part of the visuo-spatial sketchpad)
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Interference theory
Memory can be disrupted not only by previous learning but also by what is learned in the future
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Leading question
Encourages a desired answer often due to the phrasing of the question
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Long-term memory
Unlimited capacity store, lifelong
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Maintenance rehearsal
Repeatedly verbalising/ thinking about information
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Interference theory
Memory can be disrupted not only by previous learning but also by what is learned in the future
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Leading question
Encourages a desired answer often due to the phrasing of the question
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Long-term memory
Unlimited capacity store, lifelong
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Maintenance rehearsal
Repeatedly verbalising/ thinking about information
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Phonological store
'inner ear' holding speech based information for 1-2 seconds
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Post-event discussion
A potential source of misleading information where witnesses discuss what they saw afterwards
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Primary acoustic store
Part of the phonological loop which stores words heard
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Proactive interference
A cause of forgetting by which previously stored information prevents learning and remembering new information
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Procedural memory
Long-term memory for "knowing how"
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Repression
Unpleasant material is pushed into the unconscious mind
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Retrieval
The recall of stored memoriest
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Retrieval failure
Difficulties in recall that are due to the absence of the correct retrieval cues
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Retroactive interference
Occurs when newly learned information interferes with and impedes the recall of previously learned information
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Schema
A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information
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Semantic memory
Type of long-term memory for information about the world that is not linked to particular contexts or events
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Sensory register
Store of sensory information that lasts no more than a few seconds
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Short-term memory
Temporary memory store that holds limited amount of information for a short period of time
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State-dependent failure
Forgetting which occurs because the emotional or physical state at recall is different to that at the time of learning
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Visual cache
Part of the visuo-spatial sketchpad that stores information about form and colour
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Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Part of working memory that deals with visual information
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Working memory model
Model that suggests short-term memory is composed of three, limited capacity stores
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

An emotion characterised by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes

Back

Anxiety

Card 3

Front

Part of the phonological loop that repeats sounds or words 'inner voice' to keep them in working memory until they are needed

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of info

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The amount of information that can be held in memory

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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