Permanent- mainly semantic coding- unlimited capacity and duration
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Multi-store model (MSM)
Model of how memory works = Sensory register -> STM -> LTM
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Sensory register
Memory store for the senses - Iconic and Echoic (main ones) = duration half a second and high capacity
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Episodic memory
LTM store for personal events - includes date/place/behaviour - consciously retrieved
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Semantic memory
LTM store for knowledge - includes facts and concepts of the world - consciously retrieved
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Procedural memory
LTM store for how to do things - includes skills we have learnt - not consciously retrieved
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Working memory model (WMM)
Model of how memory works = focuses on different STM units
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Central executive (CE)
WMM = Co-ordinates the activities of subsystems- allocates processing resources to activities
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Phonological loop (PL)
WMM = Processes info (sounds) - written and spoken - divided into phonological store and articulatory process
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Visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)
WMM = Processes info (visual/spatial)
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Episodic buffer (EB)
WMM = brings together material from other subsystems - provides bridge between WM & LTM
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Interference
Forgetting because one memory blocks another = one/both memories are forgotten or distorted
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Proactive interference (PI)
Forgetting - older memories disrupt recall of new memories - degree of forgetting is greater when memories are similar
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Retroactive interference (RI)
Forgetting - newer memories disrupt recall of old memories - degree of forgetting is greater when memories are similar
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Retrieval failure
Form of forgetting- occurs when we lack cues to access memories
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Cue
Trigger of info to allow us to access a memory - can be linked or indirectly encoded at time of learning : External (environment) or Internal (drunk/mood)
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Eyewitness testimony (EWT)
Peoples ability to recall details of an event that they have observed
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Misleading information
Incorrect info given to EW - leading questions/post-event discussion
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Leading question
Questions that suggest a certain answer.
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Post-event discussion (PED)
Occurs when there's multiple witnesses - may discuss events that impacts a persons recall of the event - impacts the accuracy
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Anxiety
A state of physical and emotional arousal that happens in stressful situations - can affect accuracy/detail of EWT
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Cognitive interview (CI)
Method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help retrieve accurate info. 4 techniques: report everything/reinstate the context/reverse the order/ change perspective
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