Memory

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  • Created by: Ikra.nav
  • Created on: 13-05-16 21:16
What is meant by DURATION of STM?
The length of time information can be held in memory. STM, Peterson & Peterson found that you can hold up to 18s. They did this using trigrams for an amount of time then counting backwards.
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What is meant by CODING in the LTM?
The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores. Baddeley found that information is coded semantically in the LTM.
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What is meant by CAPACITY in the STM?
The amount of information that can be held in a memory store. Jacobs Digit Span found only 7+-2 letters.
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What is meant by the term EPISODIC MEMORY?
A LTM store for PERSONAL EVENTS. Includes memories of when the events occurred and of the people , objects, places and behaviours involved. Memories retrieved consciously and with effort.
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What is meant by the term SEMANTIC MEMORY?
LTM store for KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD. Includes facts and what words and concepts mean. Recalled deliberately.
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What is meant by PROCEDURAL MEMORY?
LTM store with knowledge on HOW TO DO THINGS. Includes memories of learned skills. Recalled without deliberate effort.
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What is the difference between semantic and procedural memory?
Semantic is KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD and procedural is KNOWLEDGE OF SKILLS, for semantic it needs conscious recall where as procedural is not.
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What is meant by the CENTRAL EXECUTIVE?
A component of the WMM, coordinates the activities of the three subsystems in memory. Also allocates processing resources to those activities.
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What is meant by the EPISODIC BUFFER?
Brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than separate strands. Provides a bridge between WMM and LTM.
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Explain PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE as an explanation for forgetting.
Occurs when older memories already stored, disrupt the recall of newer memories. Greater when the memories are similar.
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Explain RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE as an explanantion for fogetting.
Occurs when newer memories disrupt the recall of older memories already stored. Forgetting greater when memories are similar.
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Outline interference as an explanation for forgetting.
Forgetting because one memory blocks anothor, causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten.
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Explain RETRIEVAL FAILURE as an explanation for forgetting.
Occurs when we don't have the necessary cues to access memory. The memory is available but not accessible unless a suitable cue is provided.
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What is meant by a CUE. (use an example)
A trigger for information that allows us to access a memory. cues may be meaningful or indirectly encoded at the time of learning. EG may be external (environment) or internal (mood).
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What is meant by POST-EVENT DISCUSSION.
When there is more than one witness to an event. Witnesses may discuss what they have seen with co-witnesses or other people. This may influence the accuracy of each witness's recall of the event.
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What is meant by the term ANXIETY.
A state of emotional and physical arousal. The emotions include worried thoughts and tension. Physical changes include increased heart rate and sweatiness. Anxiety normal reaction to a stressful situation, can affect accuracy of EWT.
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What is meant by the COGNITIVE INTERVIEW.
A method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories. Uses 4 techniques, report everything, reinstate the context, reverse the order and change perspective.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is meant by CODING in the LTM?

Back

The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores. Baddeley found that information is coded semantically in the LTM.

Card 3

Front

What is meant by CAPACITY in the STM?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is meant by the term EPISODIC MEMORY?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is meant by the term SEMANTIC MEMORY?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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