Memory

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What Research has been done Coding?
Baddley: Found STM is encoded acoustically, LTM is encoded semantically. This is as he gave lists of words and found at first acoustically similar words were remembered, after 20 mins semantically similar words were recalled best.
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What is a Limitation on Research has been done Coding?
Artificial stimuli used in Baddley experiment, so need to be careful when generalizing to other situations
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What Research has been done on Capacity?
Jacob and Miller : Found capacity of the STM was 7+_2 chunks.
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What is a Limitation on Research has been done on Capacity?
Lacks validity, as lacked control of extraneous variables.
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What Research has been done on Duration?
STM- About 20 sec. LTM- Potentially unlimited.
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What is a Limitation on Research that has been done on Duration?
The stimuli used in experiments are meaningless, so need to be careful when generalising to other situations. Though Bahrick exp used real life memories so have higher ecological validity.
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What is the Multi-Store Model?
Stimuli from the environment goes into the sensory register if paid ATTENTION to will go into the STM. In the STM info needs to be maintenance rehearsal long enough to get into the STM. To recall info inLTM needs to be retrieved so goes into STM.
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What are Evaluation points for the Multi-Store Model?
Supporting evidence like Baddeley et Al, Case Studies like KF suggests more than one STM store, Ignores Elaborative Rehersal.
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What are the Types of Long Term Memory, Tulving identified?
Episodic Memory-Stores memories for personal events. Semantic Memory-Store knowledge of the world. Procedural Memory-Memory store for knowledge of how to do things.
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What are some Evaluation points for LTM ?
Clinical evidence, like HM support Tulvings theory, Brain scans show different areas of the brain being used showing LTM isn't a unitary store, can be applied to real-life to improving memory.
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What is the Working Memory Model?
The CENTRAL EXECUTIVE allocates activities into stores. Goes into the Episodic Buffer where all memories are held, then goes into either the PHONOLOGICAL LOOP (which is split into articulatory process or phonological store) or the VISUO-SPATIAL SKETP
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What are some Evaluation points for the Working Memory Model?
Clinical evidence, like KF supports that the STM isn't a unitary store,Lack of clarity over the central executive, Brain scan
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What is the Interferance Theory as a Explanation for Forgetting ?
Proactive Interference-when older memories stop newer memories forming. Retroactive Interference-When new memories disrupt recall of newer memories.
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What are some Evaluation points for the Interferance Theory as a Explanation for Forgetting?
Evidence from Lab studies, like McDona
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What are the Factors Effecting Eyewitness Testimony?
Leading Questions:Respose bias, or Substitution explanation. Post-Event Discussion:Individuals testimonies become contaminated. Anxiety:Negative, due to physiological response, Positive, due to Figh or Flight reeponse
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What are some Evaluation points for the Factors affecting Eyewitness Testimonies?
Real life Application in EWT, Individual differences effect accuracy of EWT, Tunnel effect may not be relevant
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What is done in a Cognitive Interview to improve the accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony?
Told to: Report everything, Reinstate the context, Reverse the order, Change perspective.
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What are some Evaluation points of a Cognitive Interview to improve the accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony?
Cognitive Interviews are time consuming, Some elements may be more relevant than others, Sown to be highly effective.
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What is a Limitation on Research has been done Coding?

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Artificial stimuli used in Baddley experiment, so need to be careful when generalizing to other situations

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What Research has been done on Capacity?

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What is a Limitation on Research has been done on Capacity?

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What Research has been done on Duration?

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