what is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans
46
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what is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans
23
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how is a polypeptide synthesised
A ribosome becomes attached to the starting codon, the tRNA molecule with the complementary anticodon sequence moves to the ribosome and pairs up with the codon on mRNA, two amino acids join then process continues to make a polypeptidechain
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what is a substitute mutation
It is where the nucleotide in a DNA molecule is replaced by another nucleotide that has a different base
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what is the deletion of the bases
This arises when a nucleotide is lost from the normal DNA sequence
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what is a chromosomal mutation
It is the number of whole chromosomes for example when an organism have three or more sets of chromosomes
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what is non disjunction
when pairs of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
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what is the first step in meiosis
Homologous chromosomes pair up and their chromatids wrap around each other
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what is it called where portions of chromatids are swapped over
crossing over
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what happens in the second meitotic division
chromatids move apart and at the end 4 genetically different cells should have been formed
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what is independent segregation of homologous chromosomes
The homologous chromosomes line up in pairs and swap themselves around
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what does crossing over help to do
increase genetic diversity
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if there is no recombination( crossing over) what does this mean
only two cells produced meaning no genetic diversity
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how do you calculate the possible combinations of different chromosomes
2^n where n is the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes
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what is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans
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