miasma made sense due to the high death rates in industrial cities, belief in supernatural causes had declined
1 of 13
Individuals (causes) -Industrial
Pasteur & Koch,1861 Pasteur published germ theory (germs cause decay & illness)-proved with scientific experiments, Koch developed germ theory into a way of studying bacteria, at 1st these ideas weren't popular and doctors still believed in miasma
2 of 13
Roles (Factors) -Industrial
Individuals play a big part during this period, the role of religion in medicine had declined, microscopes now existed thanks to sci & tech which still played a big role, attitude of enquiry persisted
3 of 13
1) Jenner CASE STUDY -Industrial
developed vaccination to prevent smallpox, observed milkmaids who got cow pox but not smallpox, used this info to create a vaccination for smallpox
4 of 13
2) Jenner CASE STUDY -Industrial
inoculators didn't like Jenner's methods,vaccination was slow to catch because it was criticised by religious groups & conservative attitudes,didn't lead to new discoveries because it wasn't understood, gov made vaccin compulsory in 1871 deaths fell
5 of 13
Discoveries of bacteria -Industrial
bacteria for anthrax and typhoid were discovered which led to new explained vaccinations
6 of 13
Public health -Industrial
new interest in public health for prevention, at 1st people had an attitude of "laissez-faire", cholera outbreaks led to 18481st voluntary public health act, voluntary approach didn't work compulsory act was passed in 1875
7 of 13
John Snow CASE STUDY -Industrial
Cholera was a major illness in the 19th cent, 1854 Snow believed outbreaks were caused by dirty water, map showed link between water pumps and death, removed handle from the pump and outbreak ceased, germ theory later explained this
8 of 13
Hospitals -Industrial
1800 hospitals were dirty & staffed by untrained nurses, Florence Nightingale improved conditions in the Crimea & lowered death rate, used these methods in England to improve hospitals, new spacious wards, opened a nursing school
9 of 13
Treatments -Industrial
little treatments progress, growth in patent medicines (chemical & herbal remedies that claimed to "cure all")
10 of 13
Training & surgery -Industrial
Training continued to be professional, 1900 most schools taught germ theory, some progress in surgery, 1800 surgery was limited & dangerous
1st breakthrough was Simpson, discovered an anaesthetic and called it chloroform, Simpson worked in midwifery some religious groups believed the pain of childbirth should not be removed
Lister was a surgeon, experimented with carbolic acid to prevent gangrene from developing, lister used germ theory to develop aseptic techniques (at the end of the cent) by removing germs from the operating environment
13 of 13
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Individuals (causes) -Industrial
Back
Pasteur & Koch,1861 Pasteur published germ theory (germs cause decay & illness)-proved with scientific experiments, Koch developed germ theory into a way of studying bacteria, at 1st these ideas weren't popular and doctors still believed in miasma
Comments
No comments have yet been made