Medical Parasitology

Leishmania donovani

Flagellate intracellular parasite- It migrates to the cells of internal organs (liver, spleen, and bone marrow) and causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar/black-fever). Leishmania enrietti infects rodents. Latin name: Leishmania donovani Host: H

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Leishmania tropica

Version of L.donovani. Key differences cause Delhi boil and oriental sore at location of parasite in body. Fundamentally L. tropica is restricted to the skin and not the whole body. Latin name: leishmania tropica Host: humans (definitive), rats, an

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Trypanosoma brucei

Host: Human (definitive host, not for T.b Brucei) also game and domestic animals, Tse tse fly (vector and intermediate host) Morphology: Check seminar work In blood exists in trypomastigote form of three variations: 1. Long, slender with flagellum

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Trypanosoma equiperdum

Latin name: Trypanosoma equiperdum Importantly, T equiperdum is sexually transmitted unlike T. brucei, despite their close genetic relation Host: Horses (Equus) Morphology: Is the same morphology as T. brucei Lifecycle: No vector required. Transmitt

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Trypanosoma Cruzi

Latin name: Trypanosoma cruzi (Causes Chagas disease) Host: Humans (and other mammals) Triatomine bug (vector) Morphology: Same as T. Brucei Lifecycle: - Triotamine bug picks up Trypanosoma cruzi from animal reservoir. - Bug ingests T.cruzi and para

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Trichomonas Vaginalis

Latin name: Trichonomas Vaginalis Host: humans Morphology: o The cells are usually 15-20mm long and pear shaped due to an axostyle which produces from posterior of the cell and may attach to mucosal tissue of host o They have five flagella, four p

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Giardia lamblia

o These reproduce in the small intestines of several vertebrates causing giardiasis. Giardia live in the lumen of the small intestine and absorb nutrients from its surface. Symptoms exhibited by the host will include foul-smelling diarrhoea and malab

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Toxoplasma gondii

Latin name: Toxoplasma gondii Host: Cat (definitive) but many warm-blooded animals can carry it (including humans) Morphology: has three forms, Tachyzoite, tissue cyst and Oocyst 1. Tachyzoite- crescent shaped with pointed anterior and rounded poste

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Entamoeba histolytica

Latin name: Entamoeba histolytica (now in subphylum Conosa- not Sarcodina) Host: Human (definitive) Morphology: three forms o Trophozoite Divided into clear ectoplasm and ground endoplasm Red blood cells, leukocytes and tissue debris found in food

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Balantidium coli.

Latin name: Balantidium coli. Host: Pig is a natural host, man is incidental host Morphology: Two stages Trophozoite: 1. Two nuclei with one kidney shaped macronucleus and one micro 2. Has two contractile vacuoles which lie close to each other to a

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o Plasmodium Vivax o Plasmodium malariae o Plasmodium falciparum o Plasmodium ovale

Morphologically different but have the same life cycle. Host: In P. vivax, the definitive hosts are Anopheles mosquitoes (also known as the vector), while humans are the intermediate asexual hosts Morphology: Plasmodium vivax growing trophozoite

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Genus hydra

Latin name: Genus hydra Host: Morphology: tubular, radially symmetrical up to 10mm. Have 12 mobile tentacles with stinging cells called cnidocytes which contain nematocysts. Outer layer is the epidermis inner is the gastrodermis. Life cycle: Reprod

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Genus obelia

Latin name: Genus obelia Host: Morphology: very similar to Genus Hydra Life cycle: very similar to genus hydra

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Plathelmines. Class trematoda

Latin name: Flatworms Host: always has a definitive and intermediate host. Intermediate host is generally various species of snail while the definitive host can be any number of species. Morphology: flattened oval or worm like in shape. Usually upto

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Fasciola hepatica

Latin name: Fasciola hepatica Host: Freshwater snail (Galba truncatula) (First intermediate host), Aquatic vegetation (Second intermediate host) & various mammals (definitive) Morphology, generally as per class: Two forms, egg and adult Adult - Flat

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Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Latin Name: Dicrocoelium dendriticum Infect distal parts of bile ducts and can cause bloating and diarrhea along with enlargement of liver. Host: Snail (intermediate host), Ant (second intermediate host), mammal (sheep, cows, humans accidental) Morp

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Opisthorchis felineus

Latin name: Opisthorchis felineus The cat liver fluke. Impact on health varies from asymptomatic to severe effects on liver, pancreas and gall bladder if not treated early. Other symptoms include rash and fever. Host: Freshwater snail (First interm

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Schistosoma

These are commonly known as blood-flukes and are parasitic flatworms responsible for highly significant group of infections known as schistosomiasis (thought by WHO to be the second most socioeconomically devastating disease). Adult flatworms parasi

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Medical Parasitology

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