The gradient of a Displacement-Time Graph gives the ________.
velocity
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The gradient of a Velocity-Time Graph gives the ________.
acceleration
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The area between the line and the x axis on a Velocity-Time graph is ...
the distance travelled
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What is a scalar?
A quantity with only magnitude.
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What is a vector?
A quantity with magnitude AND direction
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Newton's First Law of Motion
If there is no (resultant) force acting upon an object its motion is unaffected. (If it is stationary, it remains stationary, If it is moving it will continue at a constant speed)
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What is meant by 'inertia'
An objects resistance to a change in its state of motion and its tendency to move in a straight line at a constant velocity
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Newton's Second Law of Motion
An object's motion is affected by a resultant force
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For an object with a constant mass, how do you work out the resultant force (N)
Resultant Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (ms-2) F=ma
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What is 'terminal velocity'?
When an object's weight is balanced by the sum of the drag and upthrust acting on it and thus it falls at a constant speed.
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Newton's Third Law of Motion
If object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts a force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction on object A
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What criteria must be met for Newton's Third Law of Motion to apply?
The two forces must act on different bodies; they must be the same type of forces (e.g. gravitational, contact or tension); the forces must be the same size but opposite in direction; they must occur along the same line of action
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How do we calculate momentum (kgms-1)
Momentum (kgms-1) = mass (kg) x velocity (ms-1) -OR- p=mv
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What is conservation of momentum?
In a closed system the total momentum of two objects before a collision is the same as their momentum after the collision.
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How do we calculate the moment (Nm) of a force?
Moment (Nm) = force (N) x perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force (m) -OR- moment=Fx
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A body is in ___________ if there is zero resultant force and zero resultant moment. It will have zero acceleration.
equilibrium
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What is the principal of moments?
It tells us that if the clockwise moments = anticlockwise moments an object is in rotational equilibrium and will either remain stationary or turning at the same speed in the same direction.
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Conservation of energy
Energy can be neither created or destroyed
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How do we calculate gravitational potential energy (J)?
Gravitational Potential Energy (J) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (Nkg-1) x height (m) -OR- Ep (p = subscript) = mgh
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How do we calculate kinetic energy (J)?
Kinetic Energy (J) = 1/2 x mass (kg) x speed2 (squared) (m2 [squared] s-2) -OR- Ek (k = subscript) = 1/2xmxv2 (squared)
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How do we calculate work done (J)?
Work Done (J) = Force (N) x distance moved in the direction of the force (m)
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How do we calculate power (W)?
Power (W) = energy transferred (J)/ time (s) -OR- Power (W) = Work Done (J)/ time (s)
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How do we calculate efficiency?
efficiency = useful work done / total energy input -OR- useful power output / total power input
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