MCQs that could appear in the behaviour?

?
What did the empiricists see?
The mind as a blank slate to be written on by experience
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What did Hume recognise the importance of?
Temporal contiguity
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Following Newton's laws what did machines become a metaphor fo?
The workings of the brain
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What did Rene Descartes describe?
Brain was like a machine, but the mind was constructed as a distinct (Dualism)
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When is instrumental learning easier if the response is an automatic reaction to the US?
Pavlov's dog salivating, easy to learn an approach response produces food, hard to learn that withholding responding is what you need to do to get food, autoshaping
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What is shuttle avoidance?
Rat actively avoids, no one chamber is safe
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Bolles 1971 theory
CRS like URs as expected on the basis of stimulus substitution
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What is active anticipation?
Motivated to reduce fear, better to escape sight rather than fangs of tiger
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Protection from extinction, stage 1?
Cats had pairings of mild shock with two CSs (CRs pawflexion, changes in respiration and heart-rate) CI was presented 2 seconds after the onset of CSa and CSb on trials when shock was omitted CI came to inhibit CRs to both CSa and CSb
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What is stage 2?
Both CSa and CSb presented for 180 trials without shock but only CSa was followed by CI
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What is stage 3?
Test of conditioned fear to CSa and CSb (measured as CRs) when each was presented without shock or CI
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What happened as a result?
Fear extinguished to CSb but not to CSa
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What can avoidance learning can be?
very persistent because the execution of the avoidance response generates potential safety signals
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Two process learning theory?
through classical conditioning stimuli gain reinforcing and motivational properties
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What is Pavlov's theory of temporal contiguity?
The CS and US must come into temporal contiguity, they must do so repeatedly
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What is second order conditioning?
L-phase, T-L, T
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What is sensory preconditioning?
T-L, L-Food, T
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What is delay conditioning?
US after CS
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Trace conditioning?
Interval then US
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What is V?
Strength of CS-US association
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AV?
Change in strength of association on a particular trial
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Upside down Y
Set by magnitude of US and sets maximum strength CS-US association can reach
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a?
Reflects salience of CS and is invariant throughout conditioning
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US suprisingness depends on?
How well this event is predicted by all available stimuli
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What is the latent inhibition ?
Pre Exposure: Stage 1: CSa --> nothing, Stage 2: CSa --> US Control: Nothing, CSa --> US
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Where were methods first developed?
Lubow's laboratory
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Siegel (1977)
Proposed conditioned withdrawal as a mechanism to account for relapse into drug taking
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What is a compensatory UR?
Drug --> Peripheral Effect --> Nervous system --> UR
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What is a compensatory UR to insulin?
Insulin --> Decrease in blood glucose --> Nervous system --> Increase in blood glucose
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Spontaneous recovery
Best to use widely spaced extinction trials to minimise
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What is context effects?
Extinction as CS no US associations
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Occasion setting role of context?
Occasion setters dont extinguish when presented on their own
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Potential for overshadowing is?
Drug onset cues likely for highly salient
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Cue exposure treatment procedures for?
Problem drinking include priming doses of alcohol
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Psychological dependency
Imagining drug cues elicits craving, emotions elicit withdrawal distress and craving,
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What is a compensatory CR?
Aversive withdrawal reaction
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Card 2

Front

What did Hume recognise the importance of?

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Temporal contiguity

Card 3

Front

Following Newton's laws what did machines become a metaphor fo?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What did Rene Descartes describe?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When is instrumental learning easier if the response is an automatic reaction to the US?

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Preview of the front of card 5
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